PTT 262 RENEWABLE ENERGY HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION OF

PTT 262 RENEWABLE ENERGY HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION OF BIOMASS INTO ETHANOL GROUP MEMBERS : MAZEAN BINTI MAT SALLEH NUR ZAHIRA BINTI ISMAIL SITI ZULAIHA BINTI NORDIN NORAZMIRA WAZIANA BINTI MANSOR AMIERAH RASYEEDAH BINTI AHMAD

INTRODUCTION

Biomass Rice Straw Hemicelluloses (32%-47%) Cellulose (19%-27%) Lignin (5%-245)

The basic concept of the production of ethanol

Straw quality Low cost Raw Material Rice Straw High conversion of lignocelluloses Produce more ethanol compared to other

Physical Pretreatment Chemical Pretreatment Biological Pretreatment Enzymatic Hydrolysis Combined Pretreatment

Enzymatic Hydrolysis • second step in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials • It involves cleaving the polymers of cellulose and hemicellulose using enzymes • cellulose contains only glucans, whereas hemicellulose contains polymers of several sugars such as mannan, xylan, glucan, galactan, and arabinan • the main hydrolysis product of cellulose is glucose, whereas the hemicellulose gives rise to several pentoses and hexoses.

• Enzymatic hydrolysis is usually carried out under mild conditions, such as low pressure and long retention time in connection to the hydrolysis of hemicellulose • Hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass increases when combination of enzymes rather than only cellulase.

CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Biological Platform Sugar Platform Pretreatment Hydrolysis Syngas Platform Fermentation Catalytic Conversion Fermentation Gasification

Sugar Platform Rice straw Milling Pre-treatment Hydrolysis Fermentation Ethanol

Syngas platform Rice straw Milling Gasification Catalytic conversion Fermentation Ethanol

Advantages and Disadvantages of Enzyme Hydrolysis and Fermentation

Advantages and Disadvantages of Enzyme Hydrolysis Process

Advantages and disadvantages of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF).

USES OF BIOETHANOL Used in petrol engines as an alternative for gasoline. • It can be mixed with gasoline to virtually any percentage. Most of the existing petrol engines operate on blends of up to 15% bioethanol with petroleum. Used for electricity generation Burning bioethanol via combustion produces a lower thermal energy output than othermoelectric generating process from fuel such as coal or oil.

Conclusion Ø Rice straw is one of the abundant renewable • resource that consist high cellulose and • hemicelluloses content that can be readily • hydrolyzed into fermentation sugars. Ø Pretreatment technique is very important • due to it play a role to increase the efficiency of • enzymatic saccharification.

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