Psychometric Theories of Intelligence 4 Major Psychometric Theories

Charles Spearman Developed “factor analysis” Two factors “g” = general intelligence “s” = specific

Raymond Cattell (same guy from personality unit) Intelligence is broken down into two independent

Robert Sternberg and his Triarchic Theory Most commonly accepted theory today. Three types of

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences “An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Ability to form mental images of objects

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Ability to perceive and create patterns

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Ability for controlled movement and

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Ability to understand other

Gardner’s Three Other Intelligences Naturalistic Intelligence / Nature Smart A person who has the

Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory: • Each intelligence has its neurological base in a

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true Copyright

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy For example…If a person thinks we are clever or stupid, they will

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Psychometric Theories of Intelligence 4 Major Psychometric Theories: Intelligence is a combination of 1. Charles Spearman- factor analysis 2. Raymond Cattell- fluid/crystallized abilities that can 3. Robert Sternberg- Trarchic be measured by 4. Howard Gardner-Multiple Intelligence mental testing. These tests often include analogies, classification or identification, and series completion. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Raymond Cattell (same guy from personality unit) Intelligence is broken down into two independent components Crystallized Intelligence The knowledge a person has acquired, plus the ability to access that knowledge Fluid Intelligence The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Robert Sternberg and his Triarchic Theory Most commonly accepted theory today. Three types of intelligence 1. Analytical what is tested by IQ test, what we are asked to do in school 2. Creative: adaptive reaction to novel situations, showing insight, and being able to see more than one way to solve a problem. 3. Practical: “street smarts” ability to read people, knowing how to put together a bake sale

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences “An intelligence is the ability to solve problems, or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings. ” Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Sees traditional IQ tests as far too limited. Think of all of the people who aren’t “classically intelligent, ” but who made great contributions to our culture. Intrapersonal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Often measured on IQ tests with reading comprehension and vocabulary tests Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Often measured on IQ tests with analogies, math problems and logic problems Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Ability to form mental images of objects and think about their relationships in space Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Ability to perceive and create patterns of rhythms and pitches Interpersonal Intrapersonal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Ability for controlled movement and coordination Intrapersonal Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Ability to understand other people’s emotions, motives and actions Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logical-Mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Ability to know oneself and to develop a sense of identity Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Gardner’s Three Other Intelligences Naturalistic Intelligence / Nature Smart A person who has the ability to identify and classify patterns in nature. Enjoys nature Caring for animals Likes to be outdoors Spiritual Intelligence Gardner chose not to include spiritual intelligence amongst his "intelligences" due to the challenge of codifying quantifiable scientific criteria. Existential Intelligence The ability to be sensitive to, or have the capacity for tackling deeper or larger questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life - - why are we born - - why do we die Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy For example…If a person thinks we are clever or stupid, they will treat us that way. If we are treated as if we are clever, stupid, etc…we will act, and even become, that way. This is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007