Psychologys Early History Psychologys Modern History Psychology Today

Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

University of Toronto 1890 Clark University 1889 Harvard University 1892 University of Wisconsin 1888 Stanford University 1893 Cornell University 1891 Wellesley College 1891 University of Iowa 1890 Brown University 1892 University of Michigan 1890 University of Nebraska 1889 Yale University 1892 Columbia University 1890 University of Kansas 1889 Indiana University of University 1887 Illinois 1892 University of Chicago 1893 Princeton University 1893 Trenton State College 1892 University of Pennsylvania 1887 Founded by students of Williams James Johns Hopkins University 1883 Founded by students of G. Stanley Hall Catholic University 1891 Founded by students of Wilhelm Wundt Randolf Macon Women’s College 1893 Founded by Others Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Mary Whiton Calkins Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Margaret Floy Washburn Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Leta Stetter Hollingworth Personal Application

Sigmund Freud Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History G. Stanley Hall Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Carl Jung Personal Application

Free Will = Illusion Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Behavioral Perspective (1913 - Present) John B. Watson Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Ivan Pavlov Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes B. F. Skinner Personal Application

Psychoanalytic Perspective (1900 - Present) Carl Jung Alfred Adler Sigmund Freud Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Humanistic Perspective (1950 s - Present) Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Cognitive Perspective (1950 s - Present) Noam Chomsky Herbert Simon Jean Piaget Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Biological Perspective (1950 s - Present) James Olds Roger Sperry David Hubel Torsten Weisel Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Evolutionary Perspective (1980 s - Present) David Buss Martin Daly Margo Wilson Leda Cosmides John Tooby Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Flagship Articles with Keywords (%) 16 14 12 Cognitive Behavioral 10 8 Neuroscience 6 4 2 Psychoanalytic 0 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

1870 1880 1980 s Early 2000 1941 1945 1920 s 1890 1961 -1964 1951 -1990 s 1971 1913 1875 1881 1933 1904 Increased Evolutionary global interdependence psychology Eric Kandel wins Nobel Prize (in Rapid growth in clinical Gestalt William Roger Carl James Rogers Sperry’s publishes nears helps split-brain its launch his research B. F. pychology Skinner creates John B. Watson writes Wilhelm Wundt First establishes demonstration Sigmund Freud’s influence Ivan Pavlov shows how laboratories and cultural emerges diversity as a major in Western new physiology and medicine) psychology begins in peak seminal and humanistic influence. work, by The David movement Principles Hubel and 1947 furor over radical 1963 classic 1953 2002 first journal devoted arebehaviorism set to up independently continues to build as. Torsten he 1981 1990 s 1974 1905 conditioned responses are 1892 1883 1914 societies theoretical spark surge perspective. of interest in for his research on the 1908 response to huge demand of Psychology. Wiesel with publication on how cortical of cells respond behaviorism with his manifesto, arguing that research in psychology. by William James (at Harvard) publishes New Introductory created, paving the 1879 way for Kenneth and Mamie Clark Stanley Milgram conducts B. F. Skinner publishes his Daniel Kahneman wins Roger Sperry The wins repressed Nobel prize memories Eleanor Maccoby and Carol how cultural factors mold behavior. Alfred Binet develops G. G. Stanley Hall Leta Hall founds Hollingworth establishes American publishes 1956 biochemistry of memory. for clinical services created to Client-Centered light help rejuvenate Therapy. the biological controversial book psychology should study and Wilhelm Wundt (at the 1988 1950 Lectures on Psychoanalysis. 1916 Stimulus response psychology. Margaret Washburn publish work on prejudice that controversial study of influential Science and Human Nobel Prize (in economics) 1954 (in physiology controversy and medicine) stimulates Jacklin publish their landmark first successful intelligence America’s pioneering first Association. research work on the by. Psychological World War II and perspective in psychology. Beyond Freedom Wilhelm Wundt establishes only observable behavior. 1978 University of Leipzig). 1909 The cognitive revolution is writes publishes The Animal Mind, is cited inwomen. landmark 1954 obedience to authority, Behavior, advocating radical for his research on Research psychologists Erik form Erikson for split-brain influential studies. research by review of research on gender test in France. Lewis Terman publishes 1914 1918 laboratory psychology in psychology of at its aftermath. and Dignity. Abraham first research laboratory Maslow’s Motivation Late 1990 s launched watershed which serves aswins an impetus Supreme Court decision which may be the most behaviorism similar toat Watson’s. Herbert Simon Nobel decision making. American Psychological Childhood Society and Society in Elizabeth Loftus and others differences, which galvanizes Stanford-Binet Intelligence Johns Hopkins University. Sigmund Freud’s increasing in psychology at and Personality helps fuel Widespread intelligence conference where Herbert for behaviorism. outlawing segregation. famous single study inan(in economics) for Freud’s (APS) tomalleability serve as which advocate he extends on the and research in thisprize area. Scale, which becomes Martin Seligman influence receives formal Leipzig, Germany. humanistic movement. testing is begun by military Simon, George Miller, and Noam psychology’s history. research on cognition. for the science ofrecognition psychology. theory of Development across fallibility of human memory. the world’s foremost launches the positive as G. S. Hall during World War I. Chomsky report three major the life span. intelligence test. psychology movement. invites Freud to give lectures advances in just one day. at Clark University. Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

APA Membership (thousands) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Year Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application 2000

4. 2% Elementary and Secondary Schools 6. 3% Business and Government 8. 5% Other 19. 4% Hospitals and Clinics 28. 0% Colleges and Universities 33. 6% Private Practice Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

9. 5% Physiological 10. 3% Other 8. 2% Experimental 10. 6% Health 6. 7% Cognitive 13. 7% Educational 3. 8% Psychometrics 16. 1% Social 3. 0% Personality 19. 3% Developmental Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

0. 5% Forensic 0. 6% Other 0. 9% Clinical Neuropsychology 5. 2% School 6. 1% Industrial/Organizational 14. 7% Counseling 72. 1% Clinical Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

1 Psychology is Empirical 2 Psychology is Theoretically Diverse 3 Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

4 Behavior is Determined by Multiple Causes 5 Behavior is Shaped by Cultural Heritage 6 Heredity and Environment Jointly Influence Behavior 7 People’s Experience of the World is Highly Subjective Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

Performance of Students 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Successful Students Unsuccessful Students Always or Almost Always in Class Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Sometimes Absent Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Often Absent Seven Unifying Themes Personal Application

55. 2% 15. 5% Hurts Test Improves Score Test Score 19. 0% Don’t Know 10. 3% 57. 8% Wrong to Right 20. 2% Right to Wrong No Change Psychology’s Early History Psychology’s Modern History Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified Seven Unifying Themes 22. 0% Wrong to Wrong Personal Application