PSYCHOLOGY OF VISION AND PRESBYOPIA Claes Feinbaum ILLUSIONS

PSYCHOLOGY OF VISION AND PRESBYOPIA Claes Feinbaum

ILLUSIONS INTERPRETATION

DO WE SEE THE SAME THING? ?

ARE MALES FEMALES DIFFERENT? ? Landskrona 2013

• Even when a man understands a woman, he can't believe it. • Men commit actions; women commit gestures. - Phyllis Chesler

PSYCHOLOGY GENDER DIFFERENCES • One day a teacher was talking about marriage in class. • Teacher : What kind of wife would you like Johnny? • Johnny : I would want a wife like the moon. . . • Teacher : Wow !! What a choice. . . do you want her to be beautiful and calm like the moon? • Johnny : No, I want her to arrive at night and disappear in the morning. . .

YES I UNDERSTAND males and females are different but are their brains also different?

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX • Ba 17 -18 - visual areas are sexually dysmorphic which give males potentially more space to process information- a finding consistent with superior male processing in visuospatial tasks. • Cortical dysmorphin; neuronal density is 13% higher in males than in females

Women’s brain had a thicker cerebral cortex in the vicinity of area 17 -18 where visual impressions as contrast and edge precisions are processed. The area for perception of movement was larger in male subjects.

Psychometric testing • Men perform CAT _Coincident anticipation timing_ with greater accuracy than women. • Visual processing is performed better by women with stimuli within hand reach (near space) as opposed to beyond hand reach(far space) -men showed the reverse pattern=consistent with the evolutionary selection of men for hunting-related skills and women for gathering -related skills. • Male brain is characterized by systemizing tendencies and mechanistic thinking: they figure out how things work - analyze and construct new systems. • Female brain is characterized by empathizing tendencies or mentalistic thinking-emotional reaction in response to the other’s emotions. • In human evolution men had to make tools and weapons and had to kill-women needed empathic skills to understand the need of infants.

PRESBYOPIA • Occurs alongside other life changes • It can be the first time people think of themselves as getting “old” • Many people are not ready to become”old”

THE GOOD NEWS FOR THE EYE CARE PEOPLE 1. Young populations are declining and the over 45 population is increasing 2. The purchasing power is increasing in the over 45 3. And since we know that the PRESBYOPIA occurs only in the over 45 years old !!!!! see 2.

WE ARE NOT OLD !!!!!!

THEY WANT TO STAY YOUNG FOREVER

WHAT EMOTIONS CAN NEW PRESBYOPES EXPERIENCE Frustrated Embarassed Angry Anxious Sad Shocked

PRESBYOPIA GENDER ANALYSIS Meta-analysis Gender differences: Invest. Ophthal april 2012 • Female Gender statistically significant in predicting earlier onset for presbyopia 95% CI. • When accomodative amplitude was analysed no differences were found. • The increased association of presbyopia for women is not due to a physiologic difference in accomodation but rather due to other gender differences such as tasks performed and viewing differences

Tasks performed ? ?

Hunters are killing wild horsesdistance vision

women carve the meat and start cooking - near vision

Why Do Women Need Reading Glasses Earlier Than Men According to the study-Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science in May 2012 -analysis of presbyopia prevalence studies, it has also to do with arm length or preferred reading distance. • On average, women's arms are shorter than men's, and when it becomes more and more difficult to read at arm's length, women must turn to presbyopia correction such as reading glasses sooner. • Accordingly, they also need higher-powered reading glasses or bifocals than men of the same age.

DO WOMEN AND MEN HAVE DIFFERENT PREFERENCES AS REGARDS VISUAL ACUITY AT NEAR INTERMEDIATE AND FAR?

GENDER SATISFACTION AND TOLERANCE OF MF IOL’s • Magda Rau: • Near dominant iols had a higher satisfaction degree amongst female patients • Distant dominant iols scored higher amongst men. • Most common complaints among male patients were halos and glare-female patients near vision problems

MF EXPLANTATION SERIES 10/2445 MF IOLS ONLY ONE FEMALE !!! FEMALE

PSYCHOLOGY WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED TODAY? There are gender differences -mental functions behavior. Presbyopia onset may come together with a lot of emotions. Presbyopia problem manifests itself earlier in women. Exellent near vision is important for women-opposite men. Women need stronger addition and accept MF ’s easier

ENJOY LIFE!