Psychological Health Chapter Three Defining Psychological Health Mental

Psychological Health Chapter Three

Defining Psychological Health Mental Health 2

Defining Psychological Health Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” Studied very successful people He determined a hierarchy of needs Physiological needs (most urgent) Safety Being loved Maintaining self-esteem Self-actualization* (least urgent? ) 3

Self-Actualization (A Closer Look) Maslow concluded that visibly successful people achieved self-actualization & that they share the following qualities: Realism Acceptance Self-image Self-esteem Autonomy Authenticity Intimacy Creativity 4

Chapter Three © 2008 Mc. Graw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 5

Dealing with life’s challenges 6

Erikson's Eight Stages of Personality Development Psychological Growth Occurs as a series of steps Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus shame and self-doubt Initiative versus guilt Industry versus inferiority Identity versus identity confusion Intimacy versus isolation Generativity versus self-absorption Integrity versus despair 7

Self-esteem 8

Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem When does it begin and what does it involve? Developing a Positive Self-Concept Ideally begins in childhood Based on experiences inside and outside family Involves integration Involves stability 9

Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem How to achieve a healthy self-esteem Notice patterns of thought Avoid focusing on the negative Develop realistic self-talk Maintain honest communication 10

Psychological & Mood disorders 11

Anxiety Disorders Simple/specific phobia Social phobia 12

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety (Fear) Disorders Panic disorders 13

Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) 14

Mood Disorders Depression Most common mood disorder Affects young and older adults Takes the form of: Feeling of sadness and hopelessness Loss of pleasure Poor appetite, weight loss Insomnia Restlessness Thoughts of worthlessness Trouble concentrating Thoughts of death or suicide 15

Warning Signs of Suicide Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead Increasing social withdrawal/isolation Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood Previous history of attempts 16

Treating Depression Depends on severity and persons risk of suicide Antidepressants Prescribed for Anxiety, PTSD, OCD, eating disorders, etc. Prozac, paxil Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 17

Mood Disorders Mania and Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder 18

Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia General characteristics 19

Facts About Suicide In the U. S. suicide is higher in men White men over 65 have highest rate Women attempt 3 X as many suicides as men, men succeed at more than 3 X rate of women 20

Physiological Basis for Psychological Disorders 21

Models of Human Nature and Therapeutic Change Four Perspectives can be applied to psychological disorders each with a distinct view of human nature 22

Models of Human Nature and Therapeutic Change 1. 2. 3. 4. Biological Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic 23