Psychological Disorders Write What do you think a

Psychological Disorders

Write What do you think? a definition for a psychological disorder. Do not give examples or define specific disorders- what does it mean to have a psychological disorder?

Disorders in History Psychological disorder (1959) = “the failure of the suffering individual to adapt to his or her environment” Social deviance as disease Who is to blame?

Mental Disorder - Today Pattern of behavioral/psychological symptoms that cause personal distress and impairs functioning

Personal Distress The behavior/symptoms causes significant personal distress to the patient (may not realize) –Potential harm to self or others

Psychological Disorder 1. 2. 3. 4. distressing & harmful; disruptive behavior is uncontrollable Unjustified, Irrational Must have personal distress and impaired functioning

Daily Impairs Functioning life functioning is impaired (one or both) –Work/School life –Home life –Varies throughout time/ culture

Question to Ponder Does having an abnormal behavior mean you have a disorder? When does one have an disorder?

How have disorders been classified? How would you classify someone with a “mental” problem? Cause or effect?

What would you do? What do you think is the best way to treat someone with a disorder? What has changed over the years in terms of how we look at disorders? Do you think people have always been treated fairly?

Video of Disorders http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Tz 1 XY 72 QUz 4&feature=related

Ancient causes of “madness” –movements of sun or moon lunacy- full moon (lunar)

Ancient “cures” –Exorcism –Lobotomy –Caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated –blood replaced with animal’s blood!

What do you think… Was the treatment benefical to patients? Really? Why

Today This is what we use today to classify people with disorders- DSM-IV-TR Why do we need a way to classify disorders?

Diagnosis DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for psychological disorders – Provides a common language & comprehensive guidelines to help diagnose

Insanity legal only definition unable to determine between right & wrong or understand consequences

What do you think How easy do you think it would be to classify someone as insane?

Let’s Watch a brief intro http: //www. youtube. com/wa tch? v=_Cr 7 Iom. Sy 8 s

Psychological Disorders – here we come!!

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety = An unpleasant emotional state characterized by general, vague feelings of tension, fear and

When does this become a disorder? We all experience anxiety – if not experience anxiety you have issues… we will talk you about later So when do we move from normal anxiety to a disorder?

Anxiety Disorders differ from general feelings of anxiety in that… • Distressing, persistent feelings And/or • The behaviors that reduce anxiety… … begin to control and dominate life!

Anxiety Disorders are… Irrational (exaggerated or non existent threats, response is out of proportion) Uncontrollable (can not be “turned off”, even if the person wants to) Disruptive (interferes with

5 Types of Anxiety Disorders GAD Panic Phobias PTSD OCD

Let’s get a quick look at Generalized Anxiety Disorder http: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=d. Rm. BJhtys 9 g

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Constant worry about many issues w/o cause, seriously interferes with functioning – Physical symptoms headaches stomach aches muscle tension irritability

Panic Disorder Panic attacks— sudden episode of helpless terror with high physiological arousal (increased blood pressure, heart beat, temp. , sweating) Very frightening —sufferers live in fear of having them

Phobias Intense, irrational fears that may focus on ……. Inappropriate response to ………. . Yes this does not make sense to “normal” people

Bunch of Phobias You do not need to know the specifics, but you need to know the category…. If there is something to fear it can and will be feared by someone

Agoraphobia Fear of being in situations in which escape might be difficult, they don’t feel safe- public places, crowds, wide open spaces – Mostly confined to homes- they are safe there – One the most common

Natural environment type • the fear of heights (acrophobia) • the fear of lightning and thunderstorms (astraphobia).

Situational type –the fear of small confined spaces (claustrophobia) – being "afraid of the dark, " (nyctophobia). –Monophobia—fear of being alone –Gephyrophobia - Fear of crossing bridges. –Ligyrophobia — Fear of loud noises. –Xenophobia — Fear of strangers,

Blood/injection/injury type – the fear of medical procedures including needles and injections (aichmophobia) Algobphobia—fear of pain Pyrophobia—fear of fire Emetophobia — Fear of vomiting. Radiophobia— Fear of radiation or x-rays Hemophopia (Haemophobia) — Fear of blood

Animal type – the fear of spiders (arachnophobia) – the fear of snakes (ophidiophobia). Ailurophobia—fear of cats Myrmecophobia — Fear of ants. Cynophobia — Fear of dogs or of rabies. Mottephobia — Aversion to moths and butterflies.

the Other fear of the number 13 (triskaidekaphobia) the fear of clowns (coulrophobia). Anthropophobia—fear of men Ephebiphobia — Fear/dislike of teenagers. Zapatophobia - Fear of shoes, socks, or sandals.

Common and uncommon fears 100 Percentage 90 of people 80 surveyed 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Snakes Being Mice Flying Being Spiders Thunder Being Dogs in high, on an closed in, and alone exposed airplane in a insects lightning In a places small house place at night Afraid of it Bothers slightly Not at all afraid of it Cats Driving Being In a a car crowd of people

Reading on PTSD

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Follows events that produce intense horror or helplessness (traumatic episodes) Actual or threatened death and/or injury – War, Rape, Accidents, Attacks, Abuse, Rescue workers May be delayed after event- onset with trigger

Core symptoms include: – Frequent recollection of traumatic event, often intrusive and interfering with normal thoughts – Avoidance of situations that trigger recall of the event – Increased physical arousal associated with stress

Video clips

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessions—irrational, disturbing thoughts that intrude into consciousness Compulsions—repetitive actions performed to alleviate obsessions

The compulsions (actions) help to keep away the obsessions (thoughts) If the actions are not performed==anxiety Observable or mental compulsions

OCD Examples Obsessions about getting hurt, hurting someone, getting sick, contamination, symmetry Compulsions= cleaning, checking, hoarding, touching, counting, arranging, ordering, repeating phrases

Review What are the characteristics of a disorder? When does anxiety “regular” anxiety turn into a disorder? Make your charts – Disorder in the middle – 1 st square - Define it, 2 nd square -define all the types of disorders, 3 rd square – examples of each type, 4 th non-

Next set of disorders – Personality disorders

Personality Disorders Inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thoughts, emotions, behaviors stable over time and across situations deviate from the expectations of the individual’s culture

Antisocial Personality Disorder Might start as conduct disorder (children) Manipulative, charming, “con man” Cruel, destructive Lacking “conscience”, no guilt, no responsibility

Borderline Personality Disorder Instability of mood, selfimage, relationships Self-destructive behaviors, impulsive Fear of abandonment

Dependent Personality Disorder Excessive need to be taken care of Unable to make decisions or do things on own Leads to submissive, clinging behavior – fear of separation Inability to assume responsibility

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Grandiose sense of self importance success fantasies need for increased attention Excessive need for admiration arrogance – others are inferior

Paranoid Personality Disorder Pervasive but unwanted distrust and suspiciousness Assumes that other people intend to deceive, harm, exploit them

Review Personality disorders Make your charts – Disorder in the middle – 1 st square - Define it, 2 nd square define all the types of disorders, 3 rd square – examples of each type, 4 th non-examples of each type

Next set of disorders – dissociative disorders

Dissociative Disorders –literally a dis-association of memory –person suddenly becomes unaware of some aspect of their identity or history

Dissociative Disorders –unable to recall except under special circumstances (e. g. , hypnosis) –dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder

Margie Dissociative Amnesia and her brother were recently victims of a robbery. Margie was not injured, but her brother was killed when he resisted the robbers. Margie was unable to recall any details from the time of the accident until four days later.

Dissociative Amnesia Memory loss the only symptom Too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness Often selective loss surrounding traumatic events – person still knows identity and most of their past

Dissociative Fugue Jay, a high school physics teacher in New York City, disappeared three days after his wife unexpectedly left him for another man. Six months later, he was discovered tending bar in Miami Beach. Calling himself Martin, he claimed to have no recollection of his past life and insisted that he had never been http: //www. msnbc. msn. com/id/21134540/vp/15384724#15384724 married.

Dissociative Fugue Amnesia with a journey involved – often with identity replacement – leaves home – develops a new identity – apparently no recollection of former life If fugue wears off – old identity recovers – new identity is totally forgotten

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Norma has frequent memory gaps and cannot account for her whereabouts during certain periods of time. While being interviewed by a clinical psychologist, she began speaking in a childlike voice. She claimed that her name was Donna and that she was only six years old. Moments later, she seemed to revert to her adult voice and had no recollection of speaking in a childlike voice or claiming that her name was Donna.

Dissociative Identity Disorder 2 or more distinct personalities manifested by the same person at different times, VERY rare and controversial disorder Most report recall of torture or sexual abuse as children and show symptoms of PTSD Pattern typically starts prior to age 10 (childhood)

Let’s Read Let’s watch a video

What Review are the different types of dissociative disorders? Make your charts – Disorder in the middle – 1 st square - Define it, 2 nd square define all the types of disorders, 3 rd square – examples of each type, 4 th non-examples of each type

Mood disorders… what are they?

Mood Disorders Significant and persistent disruption in mood, causing impaired cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning – Major depression –Dysthymic disorder –SAD – Bipolar disorder

Major Depression extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness and hopelessness that disturb everyday functioning Most common disorder… 10% of the population

Symptoms of Major Depression Emotional—sadness, hopelessness, guilt, turning away from others Behavioral—tearfulness, dejected facial expression, loss of interest in normal activities, slowed movements and gestures, withdrawal from social activities

Cognitive—difficulty thinking and concentrating, global negativity, preoccupation with death/suicide Physical—appetite and weight changes, excessive or diminished sleep, loss of energy, global

treatment

• Difficult to sleep, to eat, to think, to concentrate • May have suicidal thoughts, may not be able to carry out plan

Chronic, Dysthymic Disorder low-grade depressed feelings that are not severe enough to be major depression May develop in response to trauma, but does not decrease with time Usually does not severely impair functioning Over two years

Seasonal Affective Disorder Episodes of depression occur in fall and winter then subside in spring and summer (Seasonal regularity)

Bipolar Disorders Mood levels swing from severe depression to extreme euphoria (mania), can have “normal” in between No regular relationship to time of year (SAD) Can vary in length of time for depression and mania

Must have at least one manic episode – Supreme selfconfidence – Grandiose ideas and movements, little effort in carrying out plans – Flight of ideas Aggressive, hostile, wild, incomprehensib le, violent

PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with emotional swings Depressed state Manic state Depressed state

Review of Mood Disorders Make your charts – Disorder in the middle – 1 st square - Define it, 2 nd square define all the types of disorders, 3 rd square – examples of each type, 4 th non-examples of each type

The disorder Schizophrenia

“Psychotic” loss of contact w/realityirrational, distorted

Schizophrenia Disordered thoughts/ communication s/ inappropriate emotions, bizarre behavior

Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Hallucination s Seeing & hearing things that are not there Command (something/ someone

Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Delusions Persecution (they’re out to get me’ paranoia) Grandeur (“God” complex, megalomania) being controlled (the CIA is controlling my brain with a radio signal)

Symptoms of Schizophrenia disorganized word salad) speech (e. g. , – jumping from idea to idea without the benefit of logical association – Para logic—on the surface, seems logical, but seriously flawed e. g. , Jesus was a man with a beard, I am a man with a beard, therefore I am Jesus

Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorganized behavior – behavior is inappropriate for the situation e. g. , wearing sweaters and overcoats on hot days – Emotion is inappropriately expressed no emotion at all in face or speech, laughing at very serious things, crying at funny things

Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid type delusions of persecution, believes others are spying and plotting delusions of grandeur, believes others are jealous, inferior, subservient

Catatonic type unresponsive to surroundings, purposeless movement, parrotlike speech usually marked by immobility for extended periods

Disorganized type –disorganized speech and behavior –Childlike –Inappropriate emotions –delusions and hallucinations with little meaning

Review of Schizophrenia Make your charts – Disorder in the middle – 1 st square - Define it, 2 nd square define all the types of disorders, 3 rd square – examples of each type, 4 th non-examples of each type

Somatoform Disorders

Somatoform Disorders are characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition or another mental illness

Hypochondrias is refers to an excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness.

Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily symptoms may indicate a serious illness, constant self-examination and self-diagnosis, and a preoccupation with one's body.

With Conversion Disorder, patients present with neurological symptoms or deficits that affect voluntary motor or sensory function such as numbness, paralysis, blindness, etc. . It is thought that these problems arise in response to difficulties in the patient's life.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a preoccupation with an imagined or minor defect in appearance which causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder. The disorder generally is diagnosed in those who are extremely critical of their physique or self-image even though there may be no noticeable disfigurement or defect, or a minor defect which is not recognized by most people. Too Ugly To Live - Part 1

Review Let’s make a graphic organizer: Center somatoform disorders, top left – define of the whole disorder, top right – specific disorders and definitions Bottom left – examples of each disorder

Factitious Disorders

People with factitious disorders intentionally produce or fake physical or psychological symptoms in order to receive medical attention and care. For example, an individual might falsely report shortness of breath to gain admittance to a hospital, report thoughts of suicide to solicit attention, or fabricate blood in the urine or the symptoms of rash so as to appear ill