Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud The Unconscious Freudian Slip

Psychoanalytic Theories

Sigmund Freud: The Unconscious • • “Freudian Slip” Dreams Unconscious = unaware Preconscious = thoughts that can be recalled with relatively little effort (just below the surface of awareness)

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ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

THE ID • The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche which responds directly and immediately to the instincts. The personality of the newborn child is all id and only later does it develop an ego and super-ego. • The id demands immediate satisfaction and when this happens we experience pleasure, when it is denied we experience ‘unpleasure’ or pain. The id is not affected by reality, logic or the everyday world.

THE EGO, OR “I” • The ego operates according to the reality principle, working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands, often compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society. The ego considers social realities and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave. • The ego has no concept of right or wrong; something is good simply if it achieves its end of satisfying without causing harm to itself or to the id. It engages in secondary process thinking, which is rational, realistic, and orientated towards problem solving.

THE SUPER EGO, OR ABOVE “I” • The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one's parents and others. It develops around the age of 3 – 5 during the phallic stage of psychosexual development. • The superego's function is to control the id's impulses, especially those which society forbids, such as sex and aggression. It also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection.

DEFENSE MECHANISMS • Rather than facing certain unwanted emotions, people deceive themselves into believing nothing is wrong (distortion of reality) • Rationalization • Repression • Denial • Projection • Reaction Formation • Regression • Displacement • Sublimation

Oedipus Complex

Stages of Sexual Development • Oral Stage 0 – 6 months • ID (first few months) • Ego (6 months) fixation -Anal Stage (2 -3 years) -Phallic/Oedpial Stage (3 -6 years) Super Ego Electra Complex -Latency Stage(6 -11 years) -Genital Stage (puberty)

Dream Work

Careers in Psychoanalysis • Career paths in psychoanalysis range more widely than one might think. This stems from the fact that psychoanalysis is both a clinical method of treating emotional disorders, and a depth psychological theory that can be used to understand all aspects of human motivation, behavior, development and relationships. • • Academic/Educator Sports Analyst Business/Management Consultant Historian/Biographer Neuroscientist Author Community Interventionist Mental Health Consultant to K-12 Schools