Psychoanalysis http www vixbon comsearch php qsigmundfreud Sigmund

Psychoanalysis http: //www. vixbon. com/search. php? q=sigmund+freud Sigmund Freud (1856 -1939)

The mind is like an iceberg. Most of it is beneath the surface.

http: //www. pierce. ctc. edu/staff/tlink/personality/home_topics. html

Should I eat a bacon-double cheese burger? • Id – “Yes. It is yummy and I am hungry. ” • Superego – “No. It is bad for my health. It is not an ecologically sustainable way to eat. ” • Ego – Uses defense mechanism (rationalization) to satisfy id and superego. “Well, just this one time won’t hurt. I’m in a big hurry and wouldn’t it be worse if I had a sensible meal and then had to speed to get to my meeting on time? ” • Skit

Oral Stage (0 -18 mo. )

Anal Stage (18 -36 mo. )

Phallic Stage (Age 3 -6) Penis envy

Latency Stage (Age 6 -12)

Genital Stage (Puberty on)

Defense Mechanisms (SKITS) • • Repression Reaction Formation Projection Rationalization Displacement Regression Sublimation

Repression • Repression is an unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious. Thoughts that are often repressed are those that would result in feelings of guilt from the superego

Reaction Formation • This is where a person goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way to which he or she thinks or feels. Usually a reaction formation is marked by showiness and compulsiveness. For example, Freud claimed that men who are prejudice against homosexuals are making a defense against their own homosexual feelings by adopting a harsh anti-homosexual attitude which helps convince them of their heterosexuality.

Projection • This involves individuals attributing their own thoughts, feeling and motives to another person. Thoughts most commonly projected onto another are the ones that would cause guilt such as aggressive and sexual fantasies or thoughts. For instance, you might hate someone, but your superego tells you that such hatred is unacceptable. You can 'solve' the problem by believing that they hate you.

Rationalization • Rationalization is the cognitive distortion of "the facts" to make an event or an impulse less threatening. We do it often enough on a fairly conscious level when we provide ourselves with excuses. But for many people, with sensitive egos, making excuses comes so easy that they never are truly aware of it. In other words, many of us are quite prepared to believe our lies.

Displacement • Displacement is the redirection of an impulse (usually aggression) onto a powerless substitute target. The target can be a person or an object that can serve as a symbolic substitute. Someone who feels uncomfortable with their sexual desire for a real person may substitute a fetish. Someone who is frustrated by his or her superiors may go home and kick the dog, beat up a family member, or engage in cross-burnings

Regression • This is a movement back in psychological time when one is faced with stress. When we are troubled or frightened, our behaviors often become more childish or primitive. A child may begin to suck their thumb again or wet the bed when they need to spend some time in the hospital. Teenagers may giggle uncontrollably when introduced into a social situation involving the opposite sex.

Sublimation • This is similar to displacement, but takes place when we manage to displace our emotions into a constructive rather than destructive activity. This might for example be artistic. Many great artists and musicians have had unhappy lives and have used the medium of art of music to express themselves. Sport is another example of putting our emotions (e. g. aggression) into something constructive.

Name that defense mechanism 1. A physically abusive parent claiming that a beating is good for the child. 2. An 8 -year-old child whose parents are getting divorced starts wetting the bed. 3. A young woman forcing the memories of sexual abuse into her unconscious mind. 4. After suffering major losses in the stock market, Jim trades in his luxury car for a small, cheaper car claiming that he is doing his part in the battle against air pollution.

Name that defense mechanism. 5. After getting fired, Mr. James has been grumpy and short with his wife. 6. An aggressive young man takes up rugby to re-channel his aggressive impulses. 7. A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry was Friday, despite having it marked on his calendar for weeks. 8. A young woman from a strict moral background becoming actively involved in an anti-pornography campaign.

Name that defense mechanism. 9. A student who wishes to cheat on an upcoming exam interpreting the anxiety of other students as a desire to cheat on the exam. 10. The person who is most difficult to convince in an argument says that everyone else is stubborn. 11. Tory was convicted for being a Peeping Tom. Now, he has left behind his sordid past and is a busy photographer for Playboy magazine. 12. After being criticized at work, Thomas argued with his wife and kicked the dog.

Assessing the Unconscious • • Hypnosis Freudian slips Dream Interpretation Free Association (having them just randomly talk to themselves…and then interpreting the conversation). • Projective Tests – Examples are TAT and Inkblot Tests.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Neo-Freudians Alfred Adler Carl Jung Karen Horney

Modern Psychoanalysis • Reject: – Psychosexual stages – Id, ego, superego • Maintain: −Role of the unconscious −Inner conflicts and Defense mechanisms