PSYCH 1010 Midterm Review History Memory BrainNervous System

PSYCH 1010 Midterm Review History, Memory, Brain/Nervous System

• Who created the first psych lab and is considered the father of modern psychology? • Wundt

• In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which a chemical imbalance in the brain can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor’s lecture highlighted a _________ perspective on psychological disorders. • Neuroscience/Biological

• The part of the brain that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the _____ • Medulla

• Ali insists that intellectual skills are inherited. Claire argues that intelligence is developed through educational experiences. Their argument highlights this issue, which is one of the most enduring questions in psychology. • Nature vs. Nurture

• Grandma Mary had a stroke which impaired her ability to speak fluently although she can move all the necessary muscles. What is the most likely location of her brain damage (be specific)? • Broca’s Area

• Poor nutrition, family stress, and memory difficulties have all contributed to Mr. Leonard’s depression. Effectively explaining the full complexity of his problems requires a ________ perspective. • Biopsychosocial perspective

• If I wanted to show that heroin use causes grades to drop, which research method would I need to use? • Experiment

• To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should stimulate the rat's _______. • Amygdala or reticular formation

• Dr. Mathew has concluded that very few people in a small African country suffer from alcohol dependence because of the strong influence of their religion. This belief best illustrates a(n) _______ perspective. • sociocultural

• Name 4 major neurotransmitters. • Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate

• In a drug-treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a _______ • placebo

• Explain the difference between agonists and antagonists • Agonists—mimic neurotransmitters • Antagonists—block neurotransmitters

• Double points—draw and label the memory model diagram that we discussed in class.

• Attempting to understand behavior and personality traits based on the size and shape of someone’s skull is known as _______ • phrenology

• Tell me one problem or concern with conducting surveys, or with the information gathered from surveys • Wording effects (answers change based on how questions are asked), correlational data only (don’t show cause/effect but people often think it does), LOW response rate (tough to get representative samples), people respond even when they don’t know what they’re talking about

• The process of getting information into memory is called _______ • encoding

• The part of the neuron that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body. • axon

• Your memory of what happened on your 11 th birthday is an example of what kind of memory? (be as specific as possible) • episodic

• The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as ________ • plasticity

• Which step in the memory process has the shortest duration? • sensory

• Which lobe(s) contains association areas? • All of them

• Unconsciously encoding incidental information about your day’s events best illustrates _________ • Unconscious/automatic processing

• After looking up his friend’s phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the phone number was most clearly stored in his ______ memory • Short term/working

• Your memory of how to play a musical instrument is an example of a(n) _______ memory • Implicit/procedural

• There are some neurons that fire whether I’m playing baseball or watching someone else play baseball. These neurons are called ___________ • Mirror neurons

• Organizing individual items into larger familiar units (like phone numbers or social security numbers) is called _________ • chunking

• Explain the difference between the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems • CNS—brain/spinal cord • PNS—all other neurons in the body

• To remember a list of the school supplies she needs, Marcy mentally visualizes each item at a certain location in her house. Marcy’s tactic best illustrates the use of ___________ • Memory palace

• Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex (occipital lobe)? • thalamus

• The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than crammed study is known as ________ • Spacing effect

• Name 3 methods we have of studying the brain. • Lesions, EEG, PET, CT, MRI, f. MRI

• What we learn under the influence of a drug may be more easily recalled when we are once again under the influence of that very same drug. This best illustrates __________ • State dependent memory

• Your ability to remember the first and last items from a list best illustrates ________ • Serial position effect

• The inability to form new memories is called __________ • Anterograde amnesia

• Professor M. has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor’s difficulty best illustrates _________ • Proactive interference

• What do we call patients whose corpus callosum has been severed? • Split-brain patients

• Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates ________ • Repression

• An attorney uses misleading questions to distort a court witness’ recall of a previously observed crime. This best illustrates _________ • Misinformation effect (false memories)

• A deficiency of which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to Alzheimer's disease? • Acetylcholine

• What is the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons? • Sensory neurons take info to the brain, motor neurons carry info from the brain to the body

• What is the difference between neurotransmitters and hormones? • Neurotransmitters found in neurons, hormones travel through bloodstream