PSIKOLOGI EKSPERIMEN Pertemuan I TIU SETELAH SELESAI MENGIKUTI

PSIKOLOGI EKSPERIMEN Pertemuan I

TIU SETELAH SELESAI MENGIKUTI MATA KULIAH: MAHASISWA MAMPU MEMBUAT RANCANGAN PENELITIAN EKSPERIMENTAL

MATERI KULIAH 1. PENELITIAN ILMIAH 2. HUBUNGAN KAUSALITAS 3. TAHAPAN PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN 4. VARIABEL DALAM PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN DAN CARA MENGONTROLNYA 5. POPULASI DAN SAMPEL PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN 6. VALIDITAS PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN 7. DESAIN PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN 8. KUASI EKSPERIMEN 9. ANALISIS DATA 10. ETIKA PENELITIAN

REFERENSI o Mc. GUIGAN, F. J. 1993. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. METHODS OF RESEARCH. 6 TH ED. PRENTICE HALL, INC. NEW JERSEY o MYERS, A. 1987. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. 2 ND ED. BROOKS/COLE PUBLISHING COMPANY. MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA o KUMAR, R. 1996. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS. SAGE PUBLICATIONS. NEW DELHI

SISTEM EVALUASI o o UTS 30 % UAS 30 % PRAKTIKUM (WAJIB) 30 % TUGAS 10 % Selama satu semester di kelas, mahasiswa akan merancang penelitian eksperimen secara individual. Tugas individual mengikuti pokok bahasan kuliah tiap pekan

PRAKTIKUM PSIKOLOGI EKSPERIMEN Briefing & Pengenalan Alat q Reaction Time Tester q Depth Perception Box q Pin Board 2. Pengenalan Alat q Muller Lyer Illusion q Illusi Poggendorf q Steadiness Tester 3. Presentasi Proposal Penelitian Eksperimental 4. Pengambilan Data 5. Presentasi Hasil Penelitian Pengumpulan LAPORAN AKHIR 1.

PENILAIAN PRAKTIKUM o o o Kedisiplinan Pre Test Laporan Praktikum Mingguan Proposal Penelitian Eksperimen Presentasi Hasil Penelitian Laporan Akhir

PENELITIAN ILMIAH o APAKAH ANDA PERNAH BERTANYA MENGENAI SESUATU? o BAGAIMANA CARA ANDA MENEMUKAN JAWABANNYA? o DALAM PROFESI PSIKOLOGI ATAU YANG LAIN, ADAKAH SESUATU YANG MENGGANGGU/MENYIMPANG SEHINGGA INGIN DICARI TAHU JAWABANNYA?

PENGANTAR o o 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. WHAT IS SCIENCE? MAY 9, 1982 “THE DEVIL MADE ME DO IT” PROBLEM IN DAILY LIVES METHODS OF ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE: TENACITY INTUITION AUTHORITY RATIONALISM EMPIRICISIM

DEFINISI PENELITIAN o A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION TO FIND ANSWERS TO A PROBLEM (BURNS, 1994) o SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS A SYSTEMATIC, CONTROLLED EMPIRICAL AND CRITICAL INVESTIGATION OF PROPOTIONS ABOUT THE PRESUMED RELATIONSHIPS ABOUT VARIOUS PHENOMENA (KERLINGER, 1986) o NEVERTHELES SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, AS A RESEARCH, IS PRIMARILY COMMITED TO ESTABLISHING SYSTEMATIC, RELIABLE AND VALID KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SOCIAL WORLD (BULMER, 1977)

DEFINITION OF SCIENCE o CONTENT DEFINITION “SCIENCE IS AN ACCUMULATION OF INTEGRATED KNOWLEDGE” o PROCESS DEFINITION “SCIENCE IS AN ACTIVITY OF DISCOVERING IMPORTANT VARIABLES IN NATURE, OF RELATING THOSE VARIABLES, AND OF EXPLAINING THOSE RELATIONSHIPS (LAWS) o CLASSICAL DEFINITION “SCIENCE IS AN INTERCONNECTED SERIES OF CONCEPTS AND CONCEPTUAL SCHEMES THAT HAVE DEVELOPED AS A RESULT OF EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS” (CONAN, 1951; DALAM Mc. GUIGAN, 1993)

SCIENTIFIC AND NONSCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES o SCIENCES USE SCIENTIFIC METHOD o SOLVABLE AND UNSOLVABLE PROBLEMS o SCIENCE IS EMPIRICAL RELYING UPON OBSERVATIONS OF NATURAL EVENTS, SUCH AS THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHER PEOPLE

GROUPS OF DISCIPLINES METAPHYSICAL DISCIPLINES OTHERS ART SOSIOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS OTHERS LITERATURE MUSIC LANGUAGE PSYCHOLOGY ASTRONOMY ANTROPOLOGY

Characteristics of Modern Science The scientific mentality Data-gathering Seeking general principles Good thingking principle of parsimony o Self-correction o Publicizing results o Replication o o

PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE o PSYCHOLOGY IS MATERIALISTIC, OBJECTIVE, AND DETERMINISTIC o JOHN B. WATSON “IF PSYCHOLOGY IS EVER TO BECOME A SCIENCE, IT MUST FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE OF THE PSYSICAL SCIENCES; IT MUST BECOME MATERIALISTIC, MECHANISTIC, DETERMINISTIC, OBJECTIVE”(HEIDBREDER, 1933; DALAM Mc. GUIGAN, 1993)

o MATERIALISTIC: STUDY ONLY PHYSICAL EVENTS, OBSERVABLE RESPONSES o OBJECTIVE: PRINCIPLE OF INTERSUBJECTIVE RELIABILITY (TWO OR MORE PEOPLE MAY SHARE THE SAME EXPERIENCE) o DETERMINISM: THE ASSUMPTIONS THAT THERE IS LAWFULNESS IN NATURE

DISKUSI o BAGAIMANA APLIKASI METODE ILMIAH DALAM DISIPLIN ILMU PSIKOLOGI YANG MEMPELAJARI PERILAKU MANUSIA YANG KOMPLEKS? o BAGAIMANA DENGAN PSIKOLOGI ISLAMI?

PARADIGMA DALAM PENELITIAN o THE PARADIGM THAT IS ROOTED IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES IS CALLED THE SYSTEMATIC, SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVIST APPROACH o QUALITATIVE, ETHNOGRAPHIC, ECOLOGICAL OR NATURALISTIC APPROACH