PRTR System and Actions Taken in Japan Oct

PRTR System and Actions Taken in Japan Oct. 14, 2016 Environmental Assessment Office Environmental Management Bureau, Hyogo Prefectural Government Hiroo IINO 飯野 博夫

Regulation for Chemical Substances Control ■Act on the Evaluation of Chemical Substances and Regulation of Their Manufacture, etc ■Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act ■Agricultural Chemicals Control Act ■Fertilizers Regulation Act ■Act on the safety of feed and improvement of quality ■Food Sanitation Act ■Law for Ensuring the Quality, Efficacy, and Safety of Drugs and Medical Devices ■Stimulants Control Law ■Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act ■High Pressure Gas Safety Act ■Fire Service Act ■Act on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors ■Act on Control of Household Products Containing Harmful Substances ■Industrial Safety and Health Act

PRTR System is… ① different from the current regulation. It aims at reducing the amount of hazardous chemical substance emissions into the environment by information disclosure. ② the right to know. Industrial facilities have to report the amount of hazardous chemical substance emissions, which will affect human health and ecology, to government. Government has to open the data into public.

What is ＰＲＴＲ system ? ＰＲＴＲ is an abbreviation of Pollution Release and Transfer Register PRTR is a system for government to annually compile and officially announce information regarding the release of chemical substances into the environment as well as the transfer of them. Submit compilation results & individual data Adding up release amount from households, agricultural fields, vehicles Compilation & announcement to meet needs of regional areas A people Compilation & official announcement Local government Central government (via) Local government PRTR Target business operators Registration of release and Transfer amount Flow of information

Grounds for the implementation of PRTR system 1984 Accident in a chemical plant in Bhobar, India (Chemical substances in large quantity released into the air. ) 1992 PRTR system was paid attention in the action plan “Agenda 21” adopted by the “Earth Summit”. 1996 OECD recommended member countries to introduce & implement PRTR. 1999 The Law regarding promulgated The Law Concerning Reporting etc. of Releases to The Environment of Specific Chemical Substances and Promoting Improvements. 2001 The law regarding PRTR system was activated 【Status of PRTR system implemented in various countries】

Background of PRTR Agenda 21 of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992 ① To protect the environment, each country needs to implement preventive approach depending on the country's condition. ② In case of having serious threat, the cost-effectiveness preventive measures against high environmental degradation should not be postponed by the reason of lack of scientific evidence. ③ Measures based on the prevention principle should be implemented based on scientific evidence; in addition, it should be disclosed the level of uncertainty of scientific evaluation. in each stage.

Background of PRTR Agenda 21 of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992 ④ Policy decision makers should consider potential results, which would not be taken any action to solve issues, and the level of uncertainty of scientific evaluation. ⑤ Transparent process involving all stakeholders should be taken to discuss risk management. ⑥ Industrial facilities have a possibility to be assigned to have a responsibility to submit scientific evidence for comprehensive risk evaluation.

Background of PRTR (Japan) ① Japan uses about 80, 000 kinds of chemical substances. ② There are toxic by-products which are created during waste incineration or chemical substances production. ③ Various kinds of risk management in order to control hazardous chemical substances are required. ④ It is sometimes difficult to implement quantitative risk evaluation. ⑤ Only few chemical substances have standard of value. ⑥ Some substances have data on its toxicity without quantitative data. ⑦ Some substances are difficult to be measured individually. ⑧ Some toxic substances are difficult to be identified about its chemical structure.

Expectancy Effects of PRTR ① To know the whole image of the source of chemical substances. ② To know emission rate of air, water, soil and sewage system. ③ To grasp the actual situation of the environmental pollution. ④ To manage hazardous substances which are not regulated. ⑤ To provide appropriate information about the relation between the source of chemical substances and the risk at the surroundings. ⑥ To compare environmental risks in each area, and to grasp high risk area.

Expectancy Effects of PRTR ⑦ Appropriate Chemical Substances Policy can be planned, and the effectiveness can be traced. ⑧ Industrial facilities can grasp the environmental load by themselves by comparing other facilities. ⑨ To know substances which should be prioritised for effective risk-reduction measures. ⑩ To share information with government, local government, industries, private groups and citizens, and to enhance risk communication. ⑪ NGO and citizens can take a consumption activity which can reduce environmental risk; in addition, they can suggest a method of risk reduction. ⑫ Researchers can improve effective environment measurement method and pollution control technology.

Contents of The Law Concerning Reporting etc. of Releases to The Environment of Specific Chemical Substances and Promoting Improvements 〈enacted July 13, 1999/put into effect：March 30, 2000/final amendment：Dec. 13, 2002〉 Chapter 1 General regulations and rules ［Article 1～Article 4］ Article 1 （Purpose） Article 3 （Guidance for the management of chemical substances） Article 4 （Liability of business operator） Chapter 2 Control of the release of Class I designated chemical substances, etc. ［Article 5～Article 13］ 【→ ＰＲＴＲ System】 Chapter 3 Information sharing, etc. by business operators using the specific chemical substances. ［Article 14～Article 16］ 【→ ＳＤＳ System】 Chapter 4 Miscellaneous rules ［Article 17～Article 23］ Article 17（Measures taken by central and local public bodies） Chapter 5 Penalties ［Article 24］ Supplementary rules

ＰＲＴＲ制度 ＰＲＴＲ System Business operators should clarify the amount of their release and transfer, and evaluate as well as improve their actions to control chemical substances. The amount of chemical release to Evaluation for chemical control status Japanese people the environment and the amount of Enhance the understandings of people regarding their transfer should be identified by situations of chemical release every business operator and every and control of chemical target chemical. substances. Notification No. of notification in 2015 35, 974 Via local government Notified Data （estimated） The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and The Environmental Ministry are to estimate the amount of release from sources (households, agricultural fields, vehicles, etc. ) apart from the notified data. Central government The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Environmental Ministry are to compile notified data and officially make announcement of the results as well as notify them to related ministries and local governments. Claim each business operator the transparency of data and make official announcement of data ◎Announcement of the compilation results by substances, types of operators, and areas, etc. ◎Announcement of the data of each business operator

ＰＲＴＲ届出の概要 Outline of the notification of ＰＲＴＲ Notifying Send Register・Compilation Official announcement Business operator ■ Local government Central government Eligible period for PRTR One year from April 1 of the previous year ※In the case of notification made in 2015, target period for PRTR is from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. ■ ■ ■ Notification period From April 1 st to June 30 th Target chemical substances Class I specified chemical substances 462 chemicals （including specially designated class I 15 chemicals) Requirement for notification is applied to Types of target business Number of employees Amount to handle, etc.

PRTR substances対象化学物質 Class I specified chemical substances (462 substances) Target chemicals should be selected based on hazards and possible exposures ※Hazard＝Adverse impacts on human health, reproduction and growth of animals and plants, destruction of ozone layer Specially designated class I chemical substances (15 substances) Chemical substances that are to be carcinogenic for human beings Nickel compounds, Benzene, Arsenic and its inorganic compounds, Dioxins, etc. Potentially give adverse impacts on human （Example：benzene） Potentially disturb reproduction and growth of animals and plants （Example：Nonilphenol） Potentially give adverse impacts on human health, by destroying ozone layer, and increasing the amount of solar ultraviolet ray which reaches ground surface (Example： Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12))

届出要件 Target Business Operators Target business operators are for those who meet the requirements of “target types of business”, “required number of employees”, “handling amount of target chemicals” ■ Target types of business: 24 types Example：metal mining industry, petroleum & natural gas mining industries, manufacturing, electrical industries, thermal supply industries, sewage treatment facilities, warehouses, petroleum wholesalers, automobile repair & maintenance industries, automobile wholesalers, general waste treatment facilities, industrial waste treatment facilities, medical industries・・・・ ■ No. of employees: 21 employees or more on fulltime basis. ※The number is the total number hired by certain target business operator. It does not represent the respective number working in factories or branch offices and workshops. ■ Handling amount of target chemicals: Annual handling is 1 tonnage or more ● Handling amount is to cover eligible period for the expected year of registry （ manufacturing amount ＋ use amount ） ● Specially designated class I chemicals require ０．５ tonnage or more. ● Notified numerical figures do not represent handling amounts.

What to notify by target business operators 排出量と移動量 ■ Release amount ： Amount released into the environment as a result of business activities ① ② ③ ④ Releases to the air Releases to public water bodies (rivers, lakes, coastal seas) Releases to the land(on-site) Landfill disposal on site ■ Transfer amount ： The amount transfers outside of the boundary of business operator ⑤ Transfers to sewer ：Amount released to sewer ⑥ Transfers to outside ：Amount hand over to operator in charge of industrial waste treatment ④ landfill disposal on site ⑥ outside ③ land ⑤sewer ① air ②public water bodies

数値の算出方法 Calculation of Release Amount and Transfer Amount （Source: ＰＲＴＲ Manual on calculation of release amount） Release and transfer amounts can be calculated using one of the following 5 calculation methods ① Method using revenue & expenditure of substances Use the difference between amount coming in and going out of business operator ② Method using actual measurement Measure on-site concentrations of exhaust gas and effluent water, then, multiply the measured values by amounts of exhaust gas and effluent water ③ Method using effluent coefficient Multiply handling amount (amount used by business operator) by effluent coefficient (portion estimated to be released into the environment) ④ Method using values specific to specific physical properties of certain chemical substances Multiply effluent and release amounts by values of physical properties (values that can fix the amount of chemical substance contained, such as steam pressure, solubility, etc. ) ⑤ Other calculation methods that can give accurate calculated values

Release apart from target business operators 数値の算出方法 (Estimation by central government) Central government estimate and officially announce release amount from non-target business operators, mobile entities such as automobiles, and households Targets for estimation l Among target business operators required for notification, business operators with their l l number of employees less than 21 Among target business operators, business operators with their annual handling amount of chemical substances is less than 1 tonnage Types of business exempted from notifying: construction industries, food & beverages industries, agriculture, etc. Household： Release accompanied by the use of insect repellants, paints, herbicides, insecticides, detergents Mobile entities (transportation)： automobiles, bicycles, vessels, trains, airplanes available documents Monitoring results Identifying target chemicals for estimation Identifying use amount, shipment amount of target chemicals Estimate amount released into the environment Set the portion of amount released into the environment Estimate respective release amount by municipalities Region/area-wise indicators such as population, the use of land

SDS System ＳＤＳ制度 ＳＤＳ：Ｓａｆｅｔｙ Ｄａｔａ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ■ At the time when potentially hazardous chemical substances and products containing these chemical substances are handed over or provided to other business operators, then, SDS mandates business operators to provide information regarding properties of related chemical substances and the ways of handling them. Significance of ＳＤＳ system n For the purpose of proper/appropriate control and management of chemical substances, etc. , the availability of information regarding their toxicities/hazards as well as handling procedures/process are required. n It is relatively easier to obtain information from manufacturers of chemical substances on toxicities/hazards of chemicals. However, chemical substances manufacturers are usually reluctant to provide those information at the time of business dealings. n ＳＤＳ assures the dissemination of necessary information for voluntary control/management of chemical substances. （Assure the safety of workers → Promote the manufacturing of safe products and proper environmental management）

Requirements for SDS System① ＳＤＳ制度の要件① • Target business operators for SDS system Ø All of the business operators that handle the Class I specified chemical substances (462 substances) and Class II specified chemical substances (100 substances) as well as products that contains these specified chemicals. Ø No requirements for the types of businesses, the number of employees on fulltime basis and annual handling amount of the chemical substances （Different from PRTR system, SDS system does not have requirements for exemption） n n Products that fall into the following categories are not necessary to provide SDS and labels. Amount of the target chemical substances contained in products is 1% or less（as for specially designated class I chemical substances, less than 0. 1%) 【＝portion contained in product should be low】 Solid products（※）【＝pipes, boards, assembling parts】 ※The solid products should be the ones that maintain their solid state and do not transform into powder or particles during the process of handling by business operators. Products used in air-tight state 【＝condenser, etc. 】 Products for general consumers 【 ＝ insecticides, insect repellants, detergents for household use, etc. 】 Recyclable resources 【＝used cans, metal slags, etc. 】

Requirements for SDS System② ＳＤＳ制度の要件② ■How to send SDS • • • by Document by Disk by Fax by E-mail Approval by receiver is required through Homepage ■When to send SDS, etc. • Send by the time when specified chemical substances, etc. are handed over or provided to other business operators. • Send whenever specified chemical substances are handed over or supplied to other business operators. However, more flexible time for sending SDS can be applied to the case when the same specified chemical substances are continuously or repeatedly handover or supplied to the same business operator. • If/when any changes in safety data have taken places, then, efforts should be made to immediately send updated SDS.

Information Required to be submitted by ＳＤＳへ記載する内容 SDS System 【Information to be submitted】 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 8． Chemical products and company profiles Summary of risks and toxicities/hazards Constituents and ingredients Emergency medical treatment Preparedness for fire Preparedness for leakage Cautions for handling and storage Measures for exposure prevention and protection 9． Physical and chemical properties 10．Stability and reactivity 【Manifestation flow of ＳＤＳ】 11．Toxicities/hazards Send 12．Environmental impacts 13．Cautions for disposal ●Chemical manufacturers and importers ●Fablicators Send 14．Cautions for shipment 15．Laws/regulations applied to 16．Other information ●Product utilization business ●Retailer Send

Obligations to make efforts for labeling ラベル表示の努力義務規定 SDS System mandates to provide information on properties and handlings of specified chemical substances as well as to make efforts to indicate them by labeling. ①Name of product 【Information dissemination in response to GHS】 ü In handing over or supplying chemical substances, etc. in containers or packages, business operators should make efforts to post labeling regarding ① to ⑥, which comply with JIS Z 7253, on the containers or packages. • Pure substances：from From June 1 st, 2012 • Mixed substances：from From April 1 st, 2015 ②Caution/attention ③Pictorial labeling ④Info. On risks, toxicities/hazards ⑤Tips ⑥Identify supplier

Changes in the number of business operators subject to notifications in Japan No. of product s notified by product types No. of business operators notified The total number in Japan has been decreasing In response to the amendment of the ordinance in November of 2008, target chemical substances have changed from 354 substances to 462 substances since 2010. on-going target substances Newly added substances Substances eliminated from the target chemicals 276 target substances, before & after the amendment 186 substances newly added by the amendment 85 substances eliminated by the amendment

The amount of release and transfer in Japan

PRTR Data in平成２４年度公表データ 2014 ◇ Release amount Total release amount 399, 000ｔ（100%） Target business types Non-target metal mining, manufacturing, business types Agro-chemicals, Notification is not applied to: agriculture, construction, paints, detergents, food & beverage etc. Business operators with employees 20 or less Handling amount of chemicals is less than 1 t industries, etc. electrical industries, etc. Target for notification 【No. of notified business operators Japan： 35, 573】 Hyogo pref. ： 1, 538 Japan： 159, 000 t （40%） Hyogo Pref. ： 7, 000 t(1. 8%) Household 46, 000 t（11%） 86, 000 t（22%） 47, 000 t（12%） Mobiles vehicles, bicycles, special vehicles, vessels, trains, airplanes 61, 000 t（15%） ◇ Transfer amount Notification from business operators Estimation by central gov. Target for notification Japan： 224, 000ｔ / Hyogo Pref. ： 18, 000 t

The changes in the number of business operators Subject to notifications to Hyogo Prefectural Government The number of business operators in Hyogo Prefecture subject to notification has been slightly decreasing. The number of business operators in Hyogo Prefecture subject to notification in 2014 were 1, 538, which accounts for 4. 3％ of the total number in Japan and ranks 5 th following Aichi Prefecture, Hokkaido, Osaka Prefecture, and Shizuoka Prefecture.

The amount of release and transfer in Hyogo Prefecture The total amount of release and transfer in Hyogo Prefecture in 2014 was 24, 803 tonnage. This amount covered 6. 5％ of the total amount in Japan and ranked 2 following Aichi Prefecture.

10 substance emissions level in Hyogo(2014) 28 28

Industries emissions level in Hyogo(2013)

The amount of release and transfer of each release and transfer categories(2014) 30 30

Substance emissions level of each releases and transfers in Hyogo(2014) 31 31

Data of Estimated released outside Notification in Hyogo (2024)

The total of the Releases and Transfers by Chemical Substances in Hyogo (2014)

Хвала на пажњи Thank you very much for your attention ご清聴ありがとうございました PRTR information plaza Japan http: //www. env. go. jp/en/chemi/prtr/about/characteristics. html