Proton numbers Neutron numbers Nuclear Binding Energy Nuclear
Proton numbers Neutron numbers
Nuclear Binding Energy
Nuclear Fusion
Solar Model
Nuclear Fission and Chain Reaction
Standard Model Breaking News from CERN Have we discovered Higgs? 8
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Challenges in Physics Ø Confinement QCD § § QCD at different energies Lattice QCD Chiral perturbation theory Ø New physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) § § § New sources of symmetry violation Dark matter Dark energy 10
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“Vector Portal” to Dark Sector 1. Dark photon A’ Kinetic mixing and U(1)’ 2. Dark leptophobic B-boson (dark ω, γB , or Z’): Gauged baryon symmetry U(1)B Early studies by Lee and Yang, Phys. Rev. , 98 (1955) 1501; Okun, Yad. Fiz. , 10 (1969) 358, uthe stability of baryonic and dark matter ua unified genesis of baryonic and dark matter ua natural framework for “Strong CP problem” in QCD uthe region is strongly constrained by long-range forces search exp. ; the has been investigated by the collider exp. Most A’ searches are through its decay to relying on the leptonic coupling of new force u. Ge. V-scale domain is nearly untouched, a discovery opportunity! 17
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Striking signature for B-boson in η decay u B production: A. E. Nelson, N. Tetradis, Phys. Lett. , B 221, 80 (1989) u B decays: B 0 in 140 -600 Me. V mass range B + 0 Search for a resonance peak of 0 for m. B ~140 -550 Me. V S. Tulin, Phys. Rev. , D 89, 14008 (2014) u highly suppressed SM background 20
Jlab Eta Factory (JEF) Experiment ( B 0 ) u A stringent constraint on the leptophobic Bboson in 140 -550 Me. V range. u A positive signal of B in JEF will imply a new fermion with a mass up to a few Te. V due to electro-weak anomaly cancellation. u Future ’ experiment will extend the experimental reach up to 1 Ge. V 21
C Invariance u Maximally violated in the weak force and is well tested. u Assumed in SM for electromagnetic and strong forces, but it is not experimentally well tested (The current constraint: 1 Ge. V) C Violating η neutral decays Final State Branching Ratio (upper limit) 3γ < 1. 6 • 10 -5 π0 γ 2π0γ u EDMs place no constraint on CVPC in the presence of a conspiracy or new symmetry; only the direct searches are unambiguous. (M. Ramsey-Musolf, phys. Rev. , D 63, 076007 (2001); talk at the AFCI workshop ) < 9 • 10 -5 Gammas in Final State 3 < 5 • 10 -4 5 3γπ0 Nothing published 3π0γ < 6 • 10 -5 3γ 2π0 Nothing published 7 22
Experimental Improvement on η→ 3γ u SM contribution: BR(η→ 3γ) <10 -19 via P-violating weak interaction. u A new C- and T-violating, and P-conserving interaction was proposed by Bernstein, Feinberg and Lee Phys. Rev. , 139, B 1965 (1965) Proj. JEF u A calculation due to such new physics by Tarasov suggests: BR( 3 )< 10 -2 Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. , 5, 445 (1967) u A new investigation by M. R-M and two Ph. D. students is in progress Improve BR upper limit by one order of magnitude to directly tighten the constraint on CVPC new physics 23
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