Protocols and the TCPIP Suite Chapter 4 Stallings

Key Features of a Protocol n Syntax n n Semantics n n Concerns the

Agents Involved in Communication n Applications n n Computers n n Exchange data between

TCP/IP Layers n n n Physical layer Network access layer Internet layer Host-to-host, or

Physical Layer n n Covers the physical interface between a data transmission device and

Network Access Layer n n Concerned with the exchange of data between an end

IP Internet Layer n n n Uses internet protocol (IP) Provides routing functions to

TCP: Transport Layer n n Commonly uses transmission control protocol (tcp) Provides reliability during

Application Layer n n Logic supports user applications Uses separate modules that are peculiar

Common TCP/IP Applications n Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) n n File Transfer Protocol

Layers of the OSI Model n n n n Application Presentation Session Transport Network

TCP/IP Architecture Dominance n TCP/IP protocols matured quicker than similar OSI protocols n n

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Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite Chapter 4 (Stallings Book)

Key Features of a Protocol n Syntax n n Semantics n n Concerns the format of the data blocks Includes control information for coordination and error handling Timing n Includes speed matching and sequencing

Agents Involved in Communication n Applications n n Computers n n Exchange data between computers (e. g. , electronic mail) Connected to networks Networks n Transfers data from one computer to another

TCP/IP Layers n n n Physical layer Network access layer Internet layer Host-to-host, or transport layer Application layer

Physical Layer n n Covers the physical interface between a data transmission device and a transmission medium or network Physical layer specifies: n n Characteristics of the transmission medium The nature of the signals The data rate Other related matters

Network Access Layer n n Concerned with the exchange of data between an end system and the network to which it's attached Software used depends on type of network n n Circuit switching Packet switching (e. g. , X. 25) LANs (e. g. , Ethernet) Others

IP Internet Layer n n n Uses internet protocol (IP) Provides routing functions to allow data to traverse multiple interconnected networks Implemented in end systems and routers

TCP: Transport Layer n n Commonly uses transmission control protocol (tcp) Provides reliability during data exchange n n Completeness Order

Application Layer n n Logic supports user applications Uses separate modules that are peculiar to each different type of application

Protocol Data Units (PDUs)

Common TCP/IP Applications n Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) n n File Transfer Protocol (FTP) n n Provides a basic electronic mail facility Allows files to be sent from one system to another TELNET n Provides a remote logon capability

Layers of the OSI Model n n n n Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data link Physical

Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP

TCP/IP Architecture Dominance n TCP/IP protocols matured quicker than similar OSI protocols n n When the need for interoperability across networks was recognized, only TCP/IP was available and ready to go OSI model is unnecessarily complex n Accomplishes in seven layers what TCP/IP does with fewer layers