Protists The Junk Drawer Kingdom What is a

Protists The Junk Drawer Kingdom

What is a protist? This Kingdom is very diverse!! General characteristics ØEukaryotic – Contains a nucleus ØBoth Unicellular and Multicellular ØBoth Heterotrophs and Autotrophs ØMay or may not have a cell wall

Organizing Diversity Protists are organized into three categories v. Plant-Like Protists - Also called Algae v. Animal-Like Protists - Also called Protozoans v. Fungus-Like Protists

Animal-Like Protists (Protozoans) • Cell Structure: No Cell Wall Unicellular • Classified Based on how they move and obtain food (locomotion) • Mode of nutrition: heterotrophs Separated into 4 Different Phylum

Phylum Sarcodina - Sarcodines • • Amoeba Amoeboid Movement Move and eat using pseudopods (False Foot) Heterotrophs – Use food Vacuole

Phylum Ciliophora - Ciliates Ex. Paramecium and Stentor • Move and eat using cilia – • Short hairlike projections, similar to flagella • Mostly freeliving – not parasitic

Phylum Zoomastigina - Zooflagellates Ex. Trypanosoma – Causes African Sleeping Sickness Trichonympha – in digestive system of termites • Move using a flagella • Free living or parasitic

Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans Ex. Plasmodium – Causes Malaria • Do not move on their own • Are parasitic

Plant-Like Protists (Algae) • Cell Structure: All contain chlorophyll and Unicellular or Multicellular • Classified Based on Color (Accessory Pigments) • Mode of Nutrition: Autotrophs Separated into 6 Different Phylum

Phylum Euglenophyta • 2 Flagella • No Cell Wall • Eye Spot to detect light • Autotrophs, but can be Heterotrophs when sun is not available • Euglena

Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates • • ½ Autotrophs and ½ Heterotrophs 2 Flagella – Can spin Can be luminescent – “fire plants” Cause of Red Tide. Produce neurotoxins Kills marine life

Bioluminescence

Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms **Most abundant organisms on earth- Golden algae • Unicellular • Autotrophs • Cell Walls of silicon like the main ingredient in glass

Phylum Rhodophyta – The Red Algae • Mostly Multicellular • Cholorphyll A & Red Pigment Phycobilins • Live at Great Depths • Used in ice cream & pudding

Phylum Phaeophyta – The Brown Algae Ex. Brown Kelp • Multicellular • Contain Chlorophyll A &C • Largest Most Complex Algae Up to 60 Meters Long • Used in fertilizer and toothpaste

Phylum Chlorophyta – The Green Algae *Ancestor to Modern Plants* Ex. Volvox and Spirogyra • Contain Chlorophyll A and B • Cellulose in Cell Wall • Used in cosmetics, paints, and food • Major Source of fish food and oxygen

Fungus-Like Protists • Cell structure: Unlike true fungus lack chitin in their cell wall and have centrioles • Mode of nutrition: Heterotrophs – decomposers • No chitin in their cell wall • Reproduce by forming spores • Damp, Moist Environments

Phylum Acrasiomycota • Cellular Slime Mold • No cell wall • Unicellular but colonize

Phylum Myxomycota • Acellular Slime Mold • Fuse together to become larger structure with multiple nuclei

Phylum Oomycetes Water Molds • Thrive in water • Cellulose in the cell wall • Plant parasites on land • Caused Potato Famine