Protists and Fungi Protists n Protists One or
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Protists and Fungi
Protists n Protists One or many celled organisms that live in moist or wet surroundings. n All are eukaryotic (have a nucleus or membrane bound structures. n Some are plantlike. (chlorophyll) or funguslike n Some are animal-like (motile) n Solid or shell like structures outside of their body. n n Most protists have the characteristics of living in a moist or wet surrounding and being eukaryotic, in common.
n Protists are divided into 3 groups based on shared characteristics. 1) Plant like n 2) Animal Like n 3) fungus like n n Plantlike Protists Known as algae n Contain chlorophyll- make their own food n Ex. Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Red Algae, Green Algae, Brown Algae. n
Plantlike Protists n Dinoflagellates n n Flagella n n long, thin whiplike structure Euglenoids n n One-celled saltwater algae with two flagella Algae with characteristics of both plants and animals. Brown Algae Not all algae is green n Algin- found in the cell walls of brown algae is used to thicken ice cream. Its also found in marshmallows, rubber tires, and hand lotion. n Kelp- many-celled brown algae that is a major food source for fish. n
Animal-Like Protists n Protozoans One-celled, animal-like protists n Classified by the way that they move n n Ciliates n n Protists that have cilia Cilia Short, threadlike structures extending from cell membranes. n Ex. Paramecium n n Paramecium n Protozoan with two nuclei that moves using cilia
Animal-like Protists n Flagellates Protozoans that move their watery environments whipping their long flagella n Ex. Proterospongia protozoan that moves using flagella n n Psuedopods Move through their environments and feed using temporary extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopods n Ex. Amoeba use a pseudopod to move through their environment and obtain food. Protozoan n
Funguslike Protists Produce spores like fungi n Can move from place to place using psuedopods like amoeba. n All must take in food from an outside source. n Ex. Slime Molds, Water Molds and Downy Mildews n
Name that Organism!!
AMOEBA ANIMAL-LIKE EUGLENA PLANT-LIKE PARAMECIUM ANIMAL-LIKE SLIME MOLD FUNGUS DIATOM PLANT -LIKE DINOFLAGLLATE PLANT-LIKE
Fungi n Do you think you have fungi in your house? n n Mushroom soup, fresh mushroom, package of yeast, fungus growing on a loaf of bread or an orange, and mildew fungus growing on your shower curtain. Characteristics do not contain chlorophyll n Reproduce by spores n Decompose organic matter n Do NOT make their own food n
Structure of Fungi The body of a fungus is usually a mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes called hyphae. n Hyphae produce enzymes that help breakdown food. n The Fungal cells absorb the digested food. n Because of this most fungi are known as saphrophyts. n Grow best in warm, humid areas. n
Reproduction n Asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi usually involves the production of spores. n Waterproof reproductive cell that grow into a new organism.
n Club Fungi Grows as hyphae in the soil or on the surface of its food source. n Basidium n n Club-shaped n structure that produces spores. Sac Fungi Yeast, molds, morels, and truffels n The spores of sac fungi are produced on an ascus. n n Yeasts reproduce sexually by forming spores and asexually by budding. n Budding- new organisms grow off the parent’s side.
n Zygote Fungi The fuzzy black mold that grows in fruit or bread is a type of zygospore fungus. n n n Sporangium n A round spore case on tips of hyphae, in zygote fungi n When each sporangium splits open, hundreds of spores are released into the air. Some fungi either never reproduce sexually or never have been observed reproducing sexually. n These are called IMPERFECT FUNGI. n There is NO EVIDENCE that their life cycle has a sexual stage. n Ex. Penicillin, athlete’s foot and ringworm
You have cracks between your toes and flaky skin. Your doctor says it is athlete’s foot and suggests you keep your feet cool and dry. Why? n Answer? n n Athletes foot is a fungal disease that grows best in warm and humid conditions.
n Lichens n n An organism made of a fungus and either a green algae or a cyanobacteria. Importance of Lichens Food source for many animals n Weathering process of rocks n Scientists use them as indicator for pollution levels. n
You are walking in the woods and trip over an old, fallen log. It has a dozen half-moon shaped organs growing on it like shelves. What are those organisms and what are they doing on the log? ? n Answer: n n These are a types of fungus. They are helping decompose the log.
n Some fungi interact with plant roots Mycorrhizae- mutually beneficial network of fungal hyphae and plant roots. n 80% of plants develop mycorrhizae n Helps the plant absorb more nutrients from the soil n http: //glencoe. mcgrawhill. com/sites/dl/free/0078617022/164155/0 0044685. html
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