Protist Notes Life Science Pgs 226 235 What

Protist Notes Life Science Pgs. 226 -235

What is a Protist? G Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that can’t be classified as a plant, an animal, or fungi – some are multi-cellular

Three Protist Categories 1. Animal-like 2. Plant-like 3. Fungus-like

Animal-like Protists G Heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms G Able to move to obtain food G Made of cells with a nucleus & no cell wall - just like an animal cell G Protozoan G Unicellular - one cell

4 Main Groups of Animal-like Protists 1. 2. 3. 4. Sarcodines Ciliates Flagellates Parasites

1. Sarcodines Animal-like protist that moves to obtain food G They feed using a pseudopod (“false foot”) G Many have shells- forminiferans & radiolarians - fossils - limestone, marble, and chalk G Example - Amoeba G

Pseudopod G Means “false foot” G It is a temporary bulging/extension of the cell G It is used to capture and engulf food G It is used to move

Contractile Vacuole G A structure that collects and expels extra water from the cell

Amoeba Proteus G Proteus was the Greek god of the sea that could change shape! Cell Membrane Contractile Vacuole Cytoplasm Nucleus Pseudopod Food Vacuole

Amoeba G Amoeba Movement

2. Ciliates G Animal-like protist that use cilia to move and eat G Example Paramecium

Cilia G Hair-like projections from the cell that move with a wavelike motion G They work together like an oar, which beat to move G It sweeps food to the ciliates G They are sensors when they touch an object

Paramecium Cilia

3. Flagellates G Animal-like protists that use flagella (whip-like tail structure) G They can have one or more flagella

4. Parasites G Animal-like protists that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host G Many of them have more than one host

Plant-like Protists G Commonly called algae G Autotroph - uses the sun’s energy to produce its own food G Some are unicellular G Some are multicellular - more than 1 cell G There are 7 main types

7 Main Types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Algae Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Red Algae Green Algae Brown Algae

1. Algae G Plant-like protists G VERY IMPORTANT in oxygen production

2. Diatoms G Unicellular protists with glass-like cell walls G Float near the surface of lakes and oceans G Move by oozing chemicals out of slits in their cell walls G Used in household scouring products and insecticides

3. Dinoflagellates G Unicellular algae surrounded by stiff plates (suit or armor) G They come in a variety of colors (many glow in the dark) G All have two flagella held in grooves between the plates G They can be seen when a boat travels through the ocean

4. Euglenoids G Green, unicellular algae found mostly in fresh water G It has one animal-like characteristic - it can be an autotroph or heterotroph

5. Red Algae G Multicellular sea weed G It only needs a small amount of sunlight G It is used in hair conditioner and ice cream G It can grow more than 260 meters below sea level

6. Green Algae G G G Contains a green pigment Unicellular organism Forms colonies - groups A few are multicellular The ones that live on the land closely related to plants

7. Brown Algae G Sea weed with many pigments G It has many plant-like structures

Fungus-like Protists Heterotrophs They have cell walls They use spores to reproduce Spores - A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism G Two Main Types: 1. Slime Mold 2. Water Molds and Downy Molds G G

1. Slime Mold G Brightly colored G Live in moist, shady places G They are tiny in size to several meters long

2. Water Molds and Downy Molds G Most live in water G They grow in tiny threads that look like fuzz Water Mold Downy Mold

Works Cited Amoeba Picture. “Protists. ” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/michael. gr egory/files/Bio%20102%20 lectures/protist s/amoeba%20 movement%202%20(150%20 kbs). wmv > Amoeba Video. “Protists. ” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/michael. gr egory/files/Bio%20102%20 lectures/protist s/amoeba%20 movement%202%20(150%20 kbs). wmv > Carl. Protist Pictures. “Protists. ” Mr. Carl’s e-Class. 10 Feb. 2009. <http: //www. lanesville. k 12. in. us/lcsyellowpages/Tic kit/Carl/protists. html#Plant >

Works Cited Kimball, John W. Diatom Picture. “The Protists. ” Kimball’s Biology Pages. 16 Dec. 2008. 10 Feb. 2009. <http: //www. lanesville. k 12. in. us/lcsyellowp ages/Tickit/Carl/protists. html#Plant > Paramecium Picture. “Protists. ” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/ michael. gregory/files/Bio%20102 %20 lectures/protists/amoeba%20 movement% 202%20(150%20 kbs). wmv >