Protestant Reformation Causes Merchant wealth challenged the Churchs

Protestant Reformation

Causes Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view on usury (a very high interest rate). In simple terms, the Church wants power and the merchants want money (power) so the church was against usury Many felt Church was too powerful

Causes Continued Indulgences (payments to the church for the forgiveness of sins) caused conflict German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Catholic Church

QUESTION? ? ? Which cause of the reformation do you think had the biggest effect on people? Why did you pick this cause?

Early Reform Attempts Early Reformers tried to fix the problems within the Catholic Church Examples of dissenters: Huss and Wycliffe

Martin Luther’s Views Bible is the ultimate authority Salvation by faith alone Everyone is equal before God

QUESTION How are Luther’s views different from the Pope’s?

Martin Luther’s Actions Wrote “ 95 Theses” Created Protestant Church Used the printing press to spread ideas Translated Bible into German

Reformation in Germany Birth of Protestant Church Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism Habsburgs (important family in Holy Roman Empire) continued to support the Catholic Church Conflict Resulted in 30 Years War

QUESTIONS? ? ? Why were Martin Luther’s followers called Protestants? What is one major effect of Luther creating a new church?

John Calvin Views Actions ◦ Predestination God already decided who would go to heaven ◦ Righteous Living and work ethic ◦ Expanded Protestant Church

Reformation in France Many French converted to Calvinism (called Huguenots) Several Civil Wars erupted in France Huguenots received freedom of worship by by Catholic king in the Edict of Nantes (later revoked)

30 Years’ War Conflict between the Protestants and Catholics Cardinal Richelieu (French) changed the focus from a religious to a political conflict

Henry VIII Divorce Issue ◦ Needed a male heir ◦ Wanted to divorce his wife but Catholic Church would not permit it

Reformation in England Dismissed authority of the Pope Legalized Divorce Broke with Rome Headed national church in England

Question: What’s a major difference between Luther/Calvin’s reasons for leaving the Catholic Church and Henry VIII’s reason for leaving the Catholic Church?

Anglican Church gains power Henry appropriates (takes) church land wealth Executes opposition Elizabeth I made Anglican Church official Church of England

Effects of Reformation Printing press (created by Gutenberg) led to spreading of ideas and increased literacy The Bible is printed in English, French and German Growth of Individualism Eventual growth of Religious Tolerance Growth of Secularism ◦ Separation from the church ◦ Decrease power of the pope

Counter (Catholic) Reformation Defn: Catholic Church tried to reform their own church and reassert (reestablish) their authority Council of Trent- agreed with most church practices and doctrines (beliefs) Inquisition - killing those that disagreed with Catholic Church

Jesuits AKA Society of Jesus Goal: To help spread Catholicism throughout the world Jesuits helped establish Catholicism in New World Slowed

Question Look at what the Catholic Church did in the Counter Reformation. What things do you agree with? Why? What things do you disagree with? Why?