PROTEINS Workhorse of the Cell PROTEINS Which foods

PROTEINS Workhorse of the Cell

PROTEINS Which foods are high in protein?

What are proteins?

You are protein! Proteins account for 50% of dry mass.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell. Proteins do all the work! Chemical reactions Protection Transport Movement Regulation Communication Structure DNA PROTEINS CELLS

Proteins have many different functions: Chemical Reactions - Enzymes --- control the rate chemical reactions in a cell. Protection – Antibodies --- combat bacteria and viruses. Transport - Hemoglobin --- transports oxygen to all cells in all parts of the body. Movement – Muscle --- actin & myosin contract and expand allowing organisms to move Regulation - Hormones --- insulin regulates the concentration of sugar in the blood Communication – Receptor Proteins --- relays signals between cells

Other proteins provide structure and support: Skin, ligaments, tendons , cartilage, bone, and arteries contain collagen. Upper layer of skin, hair, nails, feathers, scales, hoofs, and horns are composed of keratin. Pigment in skin, hair, and eyes contain melanin.

A protein is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

A protein is a macromolecule composed of monomers of amino acids. monomer amino acid Polymer Protein amino acid

Proteins Chain of amino acids amino acid amino acid

There are 20 different amino acids.

All amino acids have a similar structure. hydrogen H O Carboxyl group || H | Amino —C— C—OH group —N— | H R R group

All amino acids have a similar structure. same sa O m H e H | || e m —C— C—OH sa —N— | H R Different Here

How do these amino acids differ? They differ in their R group.

Proteins differ in the number , type and order of amino acids. How many amino acids are in these proteins? 5 Proteins can differ in the number acids. amino of amino amino Protein = acid 6 acid Protein = amino acid amino acid 4 amino acid amino acid

How many different amino acids are in these proteins? Protein = amino acid 2 amino acid amino amino Proteins can differ in Protein = acid 3 acid The type of amino acids. Protein = amino acid 5 amino acid

How many amino acids are in these proteins? ___ 5 How many different amino acids are in these proteins? ___ 3 no Are these the same proteins? ___ in their order of amino acids How are these different proteins? ___________ Protein = amino acid amino acid amino acid Protein = amino acid amino acid

ENZYMES - - - are Proteins Enzymes are extremely important proteins because they control all the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies.

Enzymes are catalysts. Catalysts are compounds that speed up chemical reactions.

Enzymes remain unchanged. Same - - - enzyme unchanged

Products Substrate Active Site Enzyme