Proteins Regents Biology Proteins Multipurpose molecules Regents Biology























- Slides: 23

Proteins Regents Biology

Proteins: Multipurpose molecules Regents Biology 2006 -2007

Proteins Examples u muscle u skin, hair, fingernails, claws § collagen, keratin u insulin pepsin § digestive enzyme in stomach u insulin § hormone that controls blood sugar levels collagen (skin) Regents Biology

Proteins § Function: u many, many functions § hormones w signals from one body system to another w insulin § movement w muscle § immune system w protect against germs § enzymes Regents Biology w Help speed up chemical reactions

Proteins § Building block = amino acids amino amino acid – acid u 20 different amino acids H O H | || —N— —C—C—OH | H variable Regents Biology group There’s 20 of us… like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words

Amino acid chains § Proteins u amino acids chained into a polymer amino acid amino acid § Each amino acid is different u some “like” water & dissolve in it u some “fear” water & separate from it Regents Biology

Water-fearing amino acids § Hydrophobic “water fearing” amino acids u try to get away from water in cell u § the protein folds Regents Biology

Water-loving amino acids § Hydrophillic “water loving” amino acids u try to stay in water in cell u § the protein folds Regents Biology

For proteins: SHAPE matters! § Proteins fold & twist into 3 -D shape u that’s what happens in the cell! § Different shapes = different jobs growth hormone Regents Biology hemoglobin pepsin collagen

Protein Structures § Primary Structures – it’s the amino acid sequence Determined by the genetic code in the m. RNA. u It is produced in the ribosome. u Regents Biology

Protein Structures § Secondary Structures – form as a result § from hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. Planar or cylindrical Regents Biology

Protein Structures § Tertiary Structures – Its 3 dimensional formation as a result of protein folding. u Happens because of bonds between R groups of different amino acids. Regents Biology

Protein Structures § Quaternary Structures – 2 or more polypeptide chains associate and form a single protein. u Hemoglobin are 4 different amino acid chains. Regents Biology

It’s SHAPE that matters! § Proteins do their jobs, because § of their shape Unfolding a protein destroys its shape wrong shape = can’t do its job u unfolding proteins = “denature” u § temperature § p. H (acidity) In Biology, it’s not the size, it’s the SHAPE that matters! Regents Biology unfolded “denatured” folded

Enzymes § Catalyst –speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction § Enzymes – proteins that act as biological catalysts § Enzymes help lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction u the energy needed to get a reaction started Regents Biology

Regents Biology

Enzymes § Substrates bind to a site on the enzyme called the active site SHAPE MATTERS!! Regents Biology

Enzymes – Usually end in -ase Enzyme Substrate Lactase Lactose Amylase Carbohydrate Sucrase Sucrose Maltase Maltose Regents Biology

Substrate ______ Active Site _______ Enzyme Regents Biology ______ Products

Enzymes § The fit between the active site and substrates is so precise that it is often compared to a lock and key Regents Biology

Factors that affect enzyme activity §Temperature §Concentration FGHGFH CONCENTRAT ION §p. H Regents Biology LOW CONCENTRAT ION

Let’s EAT some Proteins! Regents Biology 2006 -2007

Activities § demo raw egg vs. cooked egg drop raw egg into boiling water, like egg drop soup u compare raw egg to hard-boiled egg u § demo cheese-making with heated milk § & vinegar make yogurt Regents Biology
Organic molecules vs inorganic molecules
Coefficient of performance of refrigerator
Defect of secondary education
Multipurpose refrigeration systems with a single compressor
Facts about proteins biology
Molecules biology definition
Energy flow trophic levels
Biology roots vanessa jason
Dna denaturation definition
What is the smallest living unit of life
Functions of membrane proteins
Complementary proteins
Monomers in proteins
Amphoteric proteins
Section 8-1 summary carbohydrates fats and proteins
Dna rna and proteins study guide answers
Alhusseini
Peripheral proteins
Salting out proteins
Channel vs carrier proteins
Fibrous protein
Food pyramid carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals
Integral proteins function
What is the connection between genes and proteins