Proteins Enzymes and reagent tests Amino acids What

Proteins, Enzymes, and reagent tests.

Amino acids What type of monomers make up a polypeptide?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen What 4 elements do proteins always contain?

Any change from blue (Biuret’s color) to purple. What does a positive reagent test for protein using Biuret look like?

Amino acids What are the monomers that build a protein?

Hydrophobic Molecules that repel and do not dissolve in water are described as?

The blue color disappears (Decolorized) What does a positive test for vitamin C look like when using Indophenol blue reagent?

A carboxyl group and an amino group What two functional groups are involved in the dehydration synthesis between two amino acids?

Water (H 2 O) What is the by-product of dehydration synthesis between 2 amino acids?

Proteins Enzymes are classified as what type of macromolecule?

A polypeptide What is another name for a protein?

It means its three-dimensional shape has unraveled (unfolded). What does it mean when a protein is denatured?

A protein is a catalyst, meaning it speeds up a chemical reaction. Define the term enzyme.

Water (H 2 O) When 2 amino acids are combined through dehydration synthesis what is the by-product?

The side or “R” group. What part of an amino acid is unique to each different amino acids?

The quaternary level Name this level of protein structure shown below.

A string of amino acid monomers linked together to form a protein. Define the term polypeptide.

Amino Acid Is this structure an amino acid, lipid, or carbohydrate? Structural Formula H H H O N C C H H OH

20 different amino acids How many different amino acids are used to build all the proteins within the human body?

A peptide bond What type of bond is formed between these 2 amino acids? H H O N C C H H C H H H C C H C OH H H Serine H Leucine O OH

Water (H 2 O) What is the by-product released when a peptide bond is formed between these 2 amino acids? H 2 O H H O N C C H H C H H H C C H C OH H H Serine H Leucine O OH

The primary structure The diagram below represents a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is chain. This level of protein structure is called?

False True or False? Amino acids are made up of glycerol and fatty acids chains (fats).

Changes in p. H and temperature What conditions might cause an enzyme to stop functioning?

A short polypeptide (protein) What type of molecule is represented by the structural formula seen below?

A carboxyl group. What is the name of the functional group that is circled in the diagram below? Structural Formula H H H O N C C H H OH

Denaturation What is the term that describes the unfolding of a protein due to changes in p. H or temperature?

Immune system function, control chemical reactions, build body structures. List 3 functions of a protein.

4 How many bonds can carbon make with other atoms.

Hydrophillic Molecule that are attracted to and dissolve well in water are described as?

Hydrolysis When an enzyme helps break sucrose into glucose and fructose water is added. What type of reaction is this?

An amino acid. What is the name of this structure? • Amino Acid • Fatty acid • Carboxyl group H H H O N C C H H OH

activation energy Enzymes lower the _________ of chemical reactions.

Any change from blue (benedicts reagent color) to green, yellow, red, orange or brown. What does a positive test for a reducing sugar, using benedicts reagent, look like?

- COOH What is the chemical formula for the carboxyl group circled below? Structural Formula H H H O N C C H H OH

A cloudy-white precipitate What does a positive test for Clions, using Silver Nitrate (Ag. NO 3) reagent, look like?

Hydrogen Atom H Amino Group H Central Carbon H O Carboxyl Group N C C Side Group OH Draw and label the basic (generic) parts of all amino acids. There should be 5 labels.

An amino group What functional group is found in amino acids but not lipids or carbohydrates?

Nitrogen What type of atom (element) is found in amino acids but not lipids or carbohydrates?

An amino group. What is the name of the functional group circled in the structural formula below? Structural Formula H H H O N C C H H OH

The secondary level of protein structure The B-pleated and alpha helix structures seen below are considered what level of protein structure?

It is often caused by a drastic change in the proteins environment, such as a shift in p. H or a change in temperature. What causes a protein to be denatured?

The tertiary level A polypeptide chain folded and twisted around itself is considered what level of protein structure? Refer to the diagram.

No Are enzymes used up in a reaction?

Its structure determines its function What aspect of a protein will determine its function?

A blue-black color change What does a positive test for starch look like when using Lugols iodine reagent?

They speed up chemical reactions What is the job of an enzyme in the body?

A catalyst What is another name for an enzyme?

Activation energy What is the energy called that is needed to start up a chemical reaction?

A peptide bond What is the bond called between amino acids within a protein?