Protein Synthesis Translation Genes and Proteins The coded

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Protein Synthesis Translation

Protein Synthesis Translation

Genes and Proteins üThe coded information in DNA is put to work through production

Genes and Proteins üThe coded information in DNA is put to work through production of proteins. DNA > RNA > Protein (Melanin) > Trait

Genes and Proteins ü Some proteins: ü Muscle, skin, pigment, hair etc. ü Enzymes

Genes and Proteins ü Some proteins: ü Muscle, skin, pigment, hair etc. ü Enzymes ü Help digest food ü Control Cellular Respiration - (break down glucose) ü Make spindle apparatus ü Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism. ü By encoding the instructions for making proteins, DNA controls cells.

(Human Insulin) Genes and Proteins ü Proteins are polymers of amino acids. ü The

(Human Insulin) Genes and Proteins ü Proteins are polymers of amino acids. ü The sequence of nucleotides in each gene contains information for assembling the string of amino acids that make up a single protein.

RNA ü Differs from DNA: ü DNA double stranded: RNA single ü DNA deoxyribose

RNA ü Differs from DNA: ü DNA double stranded: RNA single ü DNA deoxyribose sugar; RNA ribose ü DNA Thymine: RNA Uracil Hydrogen bonds Adenine

Protein Synthesis ü Computer Analogy ü DNA = CD for Game ü RNA =

Protein Synthesis ü Computer Analogy ü DNA = CD for Game ü RNA = Computer and Monitor ü Protein = Game ü Building Analogy ü DNA = Printed Instructions ü RNA = Workers ü Protein = Product

Three Types of RNA: ü Messenger RNA (m. RNA), brings instructions from DNA in

Three Types of RNA: ü Messenger RNA (m. RNA), brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus (headquarters) to the cytoplasm (factory). ü In the factory m. RNA moves to the assembly line, a ribosome.

Three Types of RNA: ü The ribosome (assembly line), made of ribosomal RNA (r.

Three Types of RNA: ü The ribosome (assembly line), made of ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) ü Binds to the m. RNA ü Uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order. Amino Acid r. RNA m. RNA

Three Types of RNA: ü Transfer RNA (t. RNA) is the supplier. Delivers amino

Three Types of RNA: ü Transfer RNA (t. RNA) is the supplier. Delivers amino acids (raw materials) to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein. Amino Acid Ribosome t. RNA m. RNA

Translation: From m. RNA to Protein ü “A communication in a second language having

Translation: From m. RNA to Protein ü “A communication in a second language having the same meaning as the communication in a first language” ü Converting a sequence of nitrogenous bases in m. RNA into a sequence of amino acids.

Translation ü At ribosomes. ü Attaches to m. RNA like a clothespin clamped onto

Translation ü At ribosomes. ü Attaches to m. RNA like a clothespin clamped onto a clothesline.

Translation Click image to view movie

Translation Click image to view movie

Translation Amino acid ü Amino acids brought to ribosomes by transfer RNA. ü t.

Translation Amino acid ü Amino acids brought to ribosomes by transfer RNA. ü t. RNA molecule attaches to only one type of amino acid. Chain of RNA nucleotides Transfer RNA molecule Anticondon

Translation ü A ribosome attaches to start of m. RNA. ü t. RNA, carrying

Translation ü A ribosome attaches to start of m. RNA. ü t. RNA, carrying a specific amino acid, approaches. ü t. RNA anticodon pairs with m. RNA codon. Ribosome m. RNA codon

Translation ü First codon AUG codes methionine. ü Signals “start” Methionine ü Ribosome slides

Translation ü First codon AUG codes methionine. ü Signals “start” Methionine ü Ribosome slides to next codon. t. RNA anticodon

Translation ü New t. RNA carries an amino acid to pair with second m.

Translation ü New t. RNA carries an amino acid to pair with second m. RNA codon. Alanine

Translation ü Amino acids joined by peptide bond. ü Continues for 50 to thousands

Translation ü Amino acids joined by peptide bond. ü Continues for 50 to thousands of amino acids to make a protein. Methionine Alanine Peptide bond

The Genetic Code The Messenger RNA Genetic Code First Letter U C A G

The Genetic Code The Messenger RNA Genetic Code First Letter U C A G U Phenylalanine (UUU) C Second Letter A Third Letter G Serine (UCU) Tyrosine (UAU) Cysteine (UGU) Phenylalanine (UUC) Serine (UCC) Tyrosine (UAC) Cysteine (UGC) Leucine (UUA) Leucine (UUG) Serine (UCA) Stop (UAA) Stop (UGA) Serine (UCG) Stop (UAG) Leucine (CUU) Histadine (CAU) Leucine (CUC) Proline (CCU) Proline (CCC) Tryptophan (UGG) Arginine (CGU) Histadine (CAC) Arginine (CGC) Leucine (CUA) Proline (CCA) Glutamine (CAA) Arginine (CGA) Leucine (CUG) Isoleucine (AUU) Proline (CCG) Threonine (ACU) Glutamine (CAG) Arginine (CGG) Asparagine (AAU) Serine (AGU) Isoleucine (AUC) Isoleucine (AUA) Methionine; Start (AUG) Threonine (ACC) Threonine (ACA) Threonine (ACG) Asparagine (AAC) Serine (AGC) Lysine (AAA) Lysine (AAG) Arginine (AGA) Arginine (AGG) Valine (GUU) Alanine (GCU) Aspartate (GAU) Glycine (GGU) Valine (GUC) Alanine (GCC) Aspartate (GAC) Glycine (GGC) Valine (GUA) Valine (GUG) Alanine (GCA) Alanine (GCG) Glutamate (GAA) Glutamate (GAG) Glycine (GGA) Glycine (GGG) U C A G

Translation Click image to view movie

Translation Click image to view movie

m. RNA re-use ü m. RNA can be used again, not “used up” after

m. RNA re-use ü m. RNA can be used again, not “used up” after just one. ü Can use the same plans to build many houses.

Codons ü DNA code is a series of 4 nucleotides, A, T, C and

Codons ü DNA code is a series of 4 nucleotides, A, T, C and G. ü Each three nucleotides in a row on a gene code for a certain amino acid in that part of the protein. ü TGG-CGC-TAC ü Thr-Ala-Met ü Threonine, Alanine, Methionine

Summary Diagram

Summary Diagram

Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Protein synthesisTranscription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis
RNA Protein Synthesis DNA RNA Proteins Genes codedRNA Protein Synthesis DNA RNA Proteins Genes coded
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein SynthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS n Protein synthesis involvesProtein Synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS n Protein synthesis involves
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein SynthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded DNARNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded DNA
Proteins Synthesis Transcription and Translation Protein Synthesis AnProteins Synthesis Transcription and Translation Protein Synthesis An
Protein Synthesis Notes Genetic information genes coded inProtein Synthesis Notes Genetic information genes coded in
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA Genes are coded DNA instructionsPROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA Genes are coded DNA instructions
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PART 2 TRANSLATION 1 Translation TranslationPROTEIN SYNTHESIS PART 2 TRANSLATION 1 Translation Translation
Protein Synthesis Przeworski Protein Synthesis Instructions for proteinsProtein Synthesis Przeworski Protein Synthesis Instructions for proteins
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis Assembly of proteins OccursPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis Assembly of proteins Occurs
Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis n nTranscription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis n n
Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis n nTranscription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis n n
Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis n nTranscription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis n n
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA RNAPROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA RNA
Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis An OverviewProtein Synthesis Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis An Overview
Translation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a proteinTranslation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a protein
TRANSLATION PROTEIN RNA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MAKING A PROTEINTRANSLATION PROTEIN RNA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MAKING A PROTEIN
Translation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a proteinTranslation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a protein
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis The production synthesis ofPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis The production synthesis of