Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis What The production of

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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis • What: The production of proteins (long chains of amino acids)

Protein Synthesis • What: The production of proteins (long chains of amino acids)

Protein Synthesis • Where: Starts in the nucleus, continues on ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Protein Synthesis • Where: Starts in the nucleus, continues on ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Protein Synthesis • Why: Proteins are built according to instructions coded in DNA determine

Protein Synthesis • Why: Proteins are built according to instructions coded in DNA determine traits

Protein Synthesis • How: Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis • How: Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis • DNA does not leave the nucleus

Protein Synthesis • DNA does not leave the nucleus

RNA The nucleic acid that plays key roles in the manufacturing of proteins Named

RNA The nucleic acid that plays key roles in the manufacturing of proteins Named for the 6 -carbon sugar ribose Uracil replaces Thymine

RNA vs. DNA • • RNA Single Strand Ribose Sugar A, C, G, U

RNA vs. DNA • • RNA Single Strand Ribose Sugar A, C, G, U Leaves nucleus DNA • • Double Strand Deoxyribose A, C, G, T Stays in nucleus

Three kinds of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA) a) Leaves the nucleus and

Three kinds of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA) a) Leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm

Three kinds of RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) Reads the m. RNA

Three kinds of RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) Reads the m. RNA

Three kinds of RNA 3. Transfer RNA (t. RNA) a) Carries amino acids on

Three kinds of RNA 3. Transfer RNA (t. RNA) a) Carries amino acids on one end and transfers 3 bases to m. RNA on the other end

CODON • 3 nucleotide sequence on m. RNA • ANTICODON: • 3 nucleotide sequence

CODON • 3 nucleotide sequence on m. RNA • ANTICODON: • 3 nucleotide sequence on t. RNA complimentary to the m. RNA

2 STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 1. Transcription – The process of transferring the

2 STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 1. Transcription – The process of transferring the genetic information from DNA to m. RNA – Takes place in the nucleus

2 STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 2. Translation – The process that decodes m.

2 STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 2. Translation – The process that decodes m. RNA into a protein – Occurs in the cytoplasm on a ribosome

TRANSCRIPTION • 1. RNA polymerase – Binds to a start signal – Unwinds the

TRANSCRIPTION • 1. RNA polymerase – Binds to a start signal – Unwinds the DNA – Adds Nucleotides • Uracil replaces thymine • 2. m. RNA leaves the nucleus

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU

Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

Translation r. RNA attaches to m. RNA and reads it

Translation r. RNA attaches to m. RNA and reads it

Translation The t. RNA with the anticodon binds to the codon located on the

Translation The t. RNA with the anticodon binds to the codon located on the m. RNA

Translation

Translation

Translation

Translation

Translation

Translation

Translation The process repeats until a STOP codon is read.

Translation The process repeats until a STOP codon is read.

CODONS • With few exceptions, most codes are the same in all organisms –

CODONS • With few exceptions, most codes are the same in all organisms – Ex GUC codes for valine in bacteria, in eagles, in plants….

Protein Synthesis *Think of the bases of DNA like letters…Letters form words…Words form sentences!*

Protein Synthesis *Think of the bases of DNA like letters…Letters form words…Words form sentences!*

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