Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Synthesis the process of

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis • Synthesis= the process of building or making • RNA= ribonucleic acid • Amino Acids= building blocks of proteins

• Main Characters • RNA Polymerase = Creates m. RNA • Messenger RNA= m. RNA is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making the protein • Codon= three nucleotide sequence • Transfer RNA= t. RNA single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino • Ribosomal RNA= r. RNA- reads the m. RNA and assembles the protein

STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION= making RNA Location: Eukaryotes-nucleus Prokaryotes-cytoplasm • 1. RNA polymerase binds to the starting spot. • 2. The two DNA strands unwind and separate. • 3. Complementary nucleotides are added Exception: m. RNA does not have any Thymine • Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine • A U T A G C C G

STEP 2 -TRANSLATIONAssembling proteins- in the cytoplasm built by ribosomes • 4. m. RNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm • 5. r. RNA reads the m. RNA • 6. t. RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome • 7. Amino acids continue to attach together until the stop codon and the protein is formed

Codon and Anticodon • Codon-found on m. RNA Anticodon-found on t. RNA

SUMMARY • Transcription= process of making m. RNA from DNA • Translation= m. RNA directions are used to make a protein from amino acids • DNA RNA Protein • Transcription Translation nucleus Cytoplasm on ribosome

Video Clips • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Kv. YEq. Gb 7 XN 8&feature=related • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=B 6 O 6 u. Rb 1 D 38&feature=related

DNA RNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid Sugar=deoxyribose Sugar= ribose Double stranded Single stranded- a single strand of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: ATCG Nitrogen bases: AUCG U=Uracil

DNA Replication RNA Transcription DNA polymerase is used. RNA polymerase is used. DNA nucleotides are linked. RNA nucleotides are linked. A DNA molecule is made. An RNA molecule is made. Both DNA strands serve as templates. Only one part of one strand of DNA ( a gene) is used as a template.

• Main Characters • __________: creates m. RNA • __________: is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making the protein • ________= three nucleotide sequence • _________: single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino • _________: reads the m. RNA and assembles the protein

The Protein Synthesis Steps • • Transcription: 1. _______ binds to the starting spot. 2. The two DNA strands __________. 3. Complementary _______ are added – Exception: m. RNA does not have any Thymine – _____ • • • T A G C C G Translation 4. _____ leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm 5. _____ reads the m. RNA 6. _____ carries amino acids to the ribosome 7. Amino acids continue to attach together until the ________and the protein is formed