PROTEIN SYNTHESIS From DNA to RNA to Proteins

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS From DNA to RNA to Proteins

Genes • Section of DNA that controls making of proteins

Protein Synthesis Overview • 2 Main Processes – Transcription-DNA copied to RNA (nucleus) – Translation-RNA made into proteins (ribosomes)

Amino acid Protein Transcription! DNA Ribosome m. RNA Translation!!!! t. RNA

Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (m. RNA)-carries protein making instructions from DNA • Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA)- Part of the ribosome-makes proteins • Transfer RNA (t. RNA)- transfers amino acids to ribosome to make protein.

DNA vs. RNA • DNA – Sugar (Deoxyribose) – Phosphate group – Nitogenous Bases –A –T –G –C • Double Stranded • RNA – Sugar (Ribose) – Phosphate group – Nitrogenous Bases • A • U (Not “T”) • G • C • Single Stranded

Transcription • 1. DNA is unzipped (by RNA polymerase-enzyme) at a gene. “Promoter” initiates copying. • 2. ONE strand of the DNA template is transcribed (copied) into m. RNA using complimentary base pairing. • 3. RNA polymerase reaches “termination Signal”/end of gene. Stops copying.

• http: //www. phschool. com/atscho ol/phbio/active_art/protein_synth esis/index. html

Codon • __3_ consecutive __bases_ on ___m. RNA___ that specify _1 particular amino acid.

Transcribe the following DNA strands into m. RNA. • ATTCGACG • UAAGCUGC • TTACCAGC • AAUGGUCG • TTAAAACG • AAUUUUGC

• http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =zt. Pkv 7 wc 3 y. U • Transcription video

FLOW OF GENETIC INFO Genetic Trait. Blue eyes

B A S U LE C U N C

Translation Video • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =B 6 O 6 u. Rb 1 D 38&feature=related • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. G 7 u. Csk. UOr. A •

Translation -- The decoding of m. RNA into a protein Nuclear envelope Amino acid t. RNA Polypeptide chain Cell membrane

Transcription/translation video • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =NJxobgk. PEAo • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. G 7 u. Csk. UOr. A

How is Protein Synthesis like a candy factory?

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=lij. Q 3 a 8 y. UYQ • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =B 6 O 6 u. Rb 1 D 38&feature=related • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =NJxobgk. PEAo

Translation Decode m. RNA to Proteins

Steps of Translation • 1. The m. RNA strand is broken into codons – (Codon- 3 bases that code for an amino acids. )

Translation • 2. Ribosome reads the codons and translates them into amino acids. • How? ? – Uses the Genetic Code – Match the first letter on the left – Match the second letter on the top – Match the third letter on the right – Ex: codon AUG – Amino Acid: Methionine

• What amino acid goes with the following codons: • • • UGGGAAACAUAGAGCCAG-

Example

• 3. r. RNA sends for the t. RNA to bring the correct amino acids. • 4. The t. RNA anticodons match up with the m. RNA codons – Ex: m. RNA CUG -codon – t RNAGAC -anticodon brings the amino acid methionine attached to it. • 5. Amino acids are attached to each other making a protein, until a STOP codon is reached

Translation continued • 6. Disassembly- Ribosome complex falls apart. Polypeptide chain (protein) is released.

• DNA: ACA TTG TAG CAT • m. RNA: • Amino. Acids: • DNA: TTT TAC TGG CGC GTA • m. RNA: • Amino. Acids:

The bases below are DNA-Transcribe into m. RNA, then translate to amino acids • DNA= TAGCATTACACT • m. RNA=AUC-GUA-AUG-UGA • Amino Acid=Ile-Val-Met-Stop

The bases below are DNA-Transcribe into m. RNA, then translate to amino acids • DNA= TTG-TCG-CGA-ACC-AGC-GGC-TAA • m. RNA=AAC-AGC-GCU-UGG-UCG-CCG-AUU • Amino Acid=Asn-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-Pro-Ile