protein hemoglobin insulin antibody Think Pair Share Genes

protein

hemoglobin

insulin

antibody

Think, Pair, Share Genes that are made of DNA are the instructions for making proteins. DNA is found in the nucleus. BUT! Proteins are made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. How do you think the message gets from the nucleus to the cytoplasm!?

Make an m. RNA strand with a “message” from the DNA NUCLEUS genetic nucleus ribosomes messenger ribosome nucleus enzyme m. RNA cytoplasm U nucleus T

SINGLE DOUBLE RIBOSE A, U, G, C A, T, G, C

U A G G C U C A A

Transcription Animation • http: //www. stolaf. edu/people/giannini/flashanima t/molgenetics/transcription. swf

You do: Venn Diagram m. RNA

Do Now 1. What is the first step in protein synthesis? 2. In your own words, what happens during this step? 3. Transcribe the following DNA strand: ATTCCGAAATC 4. What are some differences between RNA and DNA? Similarities? 5. Where does the first step of protein synthesis take place in the cell?

Tracking Your Data

Soo. . where are we?

The ribosome converts the m. RNA message into a polypeptide (protein)! Cytoplasm - ribosome m. RNA nucleus cytoplasm protein ribosome 3 reads t. RNA amino acid polypeptide ribosome peptide m. RNA

Codons Remember: codons = 3 bases Example: AGU= GCC=

What is this stop codon? !

What is this start/initiator codon? ! Always AUG

1 1 neutral See for yourself! Original DNA: G G G = ______ Mutated DNA: G G A = ______ Example: - CCC = _____ - CCU = _____ - CCG = _____ - CCA = _____

Translation Animation • http: //www. stolaf. edu/people/giannini/flashanima t/molgenetics/translation. swf

A U C C GA G U U

Do Now 1. Find the complementary DNA strand? TAC-CGT-CCC-ATT 2. Transcribe this DNA strand? TAC-CGT-CCC-ATT 3. After translation, the resulting amino acid chain would be________? 3. Explain why there are some amino acids that can be made with multiple codons. 4. Where in the cell does translation take place? 5. What is the role of t. RNA?

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Transcription/Translation Animation http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=41_Ne 5 m. S 2 ls

Transcription and Translation

What happens next? • Proteins can become modified and shipped by the GOLGI!! Remember Unit 3? ? Let’s Watch! • http: //www. stolaf. edu/people/giannini/flashanima t/cellstructures/endomembrane%20 protein%20 syn thesis. swf

Do Now 1. What are the steps for DNA replication? 2. Why does DNA replicate? 3. What are the 6 steps of cell division? Which of those steps is considered mitosis? 4. Draw what happens in metaphase. 5. What is the first step of protein synthesis? 6. Transcribe (find the m. RNA) and then translate (find the t. RNA and the amino acid sequence) the following DNA strand: TACAAGCCCGAGTTAACT

Do Now • Use the diagram below to answer questions 1 -5 Y 1. What is the structure labeled “X”? 2. What molecule is labeled “Y”? 3. What molecules are Glycine, Arginine, Leucine? 4. Describe the process that is being shown here. 5. Where does this process take place in the cell?

DNA sequence negative Insertion deletion substitution Pg U 4 -20

deleted inserted AAA CCT TTG GG AAA CCC ATT TGG G ACA CCC TTT GGG

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Let’s Practice!

You Try it Out!

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