Protein Amino Acids Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group a
- Slides: 56
Protein: Amino Acids Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Amino Acids Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Amino Acids • Nonessential amino acids – a. k. a dispensable amino acids • Essential amino acids – a. k. a indispensable amino acids • Conditionally essential amino acids Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
An Essential Amino Acid
Nonessential Amino Acids
Proteins • Peptide bond
Proteins • Dipeptide Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Proteins • Tripeptide
Proteins • Polypeptide Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Proteins • Amino acid sequences Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
• Protein shape and function Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Proteins • Protein denaturation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Digestion • Stomach – HCl – Pepsinogen pepsin • Proenzyme Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Digestion • Small intestine – Proteases • Intestinal and pancreatic – Peptidases Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Absorption • Carriers • Capillaries • Absorption misconceptions – Enzyme/amino acid supplements Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Synthesis • Delivering the instructions – DNA • m. RNA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Synthesis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Synthesis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Synthesis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Synthesis • Sequencing errors Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Synthesis • Nutrients and gene expression Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Roles of Proteins • Building material – Growth – Maintenance Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Roles of Proteins • Enzymes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Roles of Proteins • Hormones Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Roles of Proteins • Regulation of fluid balance – Edema • Acid-base regulation – Acidosis – Alkalosis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
• Transport proteins Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Roles of Proteins • Immunity – Antibodies – Antigens Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Roles of Proteins • Source of energy • Other roles Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Metabolism • Protein turnover – Amino acid pool • Nitrogen balance – Positive nitrogen balance – Negative nitrogen balance Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Metabolism • Using amino acids to make proteins • Using amino acids to make nonessential amino acids Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Metabolism • Using amino acids to make other compounds – Neurotransmitters • Using amino acids for energy and glucose Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Metabolism • Deamination • Using amino acids to make fat Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Quality • High-quality proteins • Digestibility – Animal vs. plant • Amino acid composition – Limiting amino acid Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Quality • Reference protein • Complementary proteins Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein Quality • PDCAAS – Protein digestibilitycorrected amino acid score Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Food Labels • Quantity of protein • Daily Value – 50 g protein • 10% of a 2000 kcal diet Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) • Acute PEM • Chronic PEM Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) • Marasmus • Kwashiorkor • Marasmus-kwashiorkor mix Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) • Infections – Dysentery • Rehabilitation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Health Effects • Heart disease • Cancer • Adult bone loss – osteoporosis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Health Effects • Weight control • Kidney disease Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Recommended Intakes • RDA – 0. 8 g/kg/day – 10% - 35% of energy intake Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Recommended Intakes • Adequate intake • Protein in abundance Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Supplements • Protein supplements • Amino acid supplements Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets • Health benefits Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets • Diet planning – Protein • Lacto-ovo-vegetarians • Meat replacements –Texturized vegetable protein Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets • Vitamins and minerals – Lactovegetarians – Vegans Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets • Omega-3 fatty acids Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets • Vegetarian diets through the life span – Pregnancy and lactation – Infancy – Childhood and adolescence Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Vegetarian Diets • Healthy food choices – Macrobiotic diets Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Protein amino acids
B-pleated sheet
Neutral amino acids
Amino group and carboxyl group
Amino group and carboxyl group
Dehydration synthesis of amino acids
Titration curve of amino acids
Titration curve of amino acids
Deamination of amino acids
When two amino acids are joined together
Oxidative deamination of amino acids
20 amino acid structure
Right handed amino acids
N
Titration plot
Lactate gluconeogenesis
Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids
Plp mechanism transamination
Amino acids are classified as
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Properties of amino acids
Chymotrypsin cleaves which amino acids
Positive charged amino acids
Diphthamide
Non essential amino acids mnemonics
Dehydration synthesis of amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
Phenol containing amino acids
Phenol group amino acid
Peptide bond dehydration synthesis
Properties of amino acids
Biomedical importance of amino acids
Are amino acids negatively charged
Conditionally essential amino acids
Glutamate isoelectric point
Is glycine polar or nonpolar
Amino acids classification
Amino acids characteristics
Transamination of amino acids
Amino acid metabolic pathway
Difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids
Non essential amino acids mnemonics
What is proteins
Quantitative estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin method
Protein structure
Protein digestion
Transdeamination of amino acids
Glucose alanine cycle
Hybridisation of nitrogen
Salt bridges in proteins
Pvt tim hall
Upon hydrolysis of fibron which amino acids are produced
R groups amino acids
Amino acid name
Transdeamination of amino acids
Ketogenic amino acids
Titration curve for lysine
