PROSPERITY DEPRESSION THE NEW DEAL American History II

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PROSPERITY, DEPRESSION, & THE NEW DEAL American History II - Unit 4 Ms. Brown

PROSPERITY, DEPRESSION, & THE NEW DEAL American History II - Unit 4 Ms. Brown

Review • What was FDR’s “Brain Trust? ” • Diverse group of experts and

Review • What was FDR’s “Brain Trust? ” • Diverse group of experts and professionals to advise FDR on economic issues before taking office in March 1933. • What were the 3 R’s of the FDR’s New Deal? • Relief, Recovery, and Reform • What was the purpose of FDR’s fireside chats? • To explain the New Deal in simple, easy-to-understand terms • To reassure the public that the gov’t was working to fix problems • For what reasons did some American dislike FDR’s New Deal? • Disagreed with FDR’s deficit spending • Liberals – the New Deal didn’t do enough for the needy • Conservative – the New Deal is socialist and interferes with a free market economy

4. 9 – FDR’S SECOND NEW DEAL

4. 9 – FDR’S SECOND NEW DEAL

The Second New Deal • By 1935, FDR wanted to expand on his New

The Second New Deal • By 1935, FDR wanted to expand on his New Deal unemployment still high and production still lagged • Second New Deal – Also called the Second Hundred Days, FDR’s plan for further relief for farmers and workers

FDR Reelected for 2 nd Term • FDR (Dem) reelected POTUS in 1936 •

FDR Reelected for 2 nd Term • FDR (Dem) reelected POTUS in 1936 • 1 st election in which many African Americans voted Democratic instead of Republican • 1 st election in which labor union gave united support to a candidate 1932 1936

Helping Farmers • GOAL: provide further relief to farmers • Resettlement Administration • 1935,

Helping Farmers • GOAL: provide further relief to farmers • Resettlement Administration • 1935, created by executive order • Provided monetary loans to small farmers to buy land • Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act • 1936, paid farmers for cutting production of soildepleting crops and rewarded good soil conservation methods. • Similar to the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in 1933 that the SCOTUS declared unconstitutional in 1936

Helping Farmers • Farm Security Administration (FSA) • 1937, replaced the Resettlement Administration •

Helping Farmers • Farm Security Administration (FSA) • 1937, replaced the Resettlement Administration • Loaned over $1 B to help tenant farmers become landholders and established camps for migrant farm workers • Hired photographers such as Dorothea Lange to take pictures of rural towns and farms to create a pictorial record of the difficult situation in rural America

Providing Jobs • GOAL: provide more jobs for the unemployed • Works Progress Administration

Providing Jobs • GOAL: provide more jobs for the unemployed • Works Progress Administration (WPA) – 1935 -1943, aimed to create as many public works jobs as possible • $11 B to give jobs to over 8 million • • workers, many unskilled 850 airports, constructed/repaired 651, 000 miles of road, over 125, 000 public buildings Murals, theater, travel guides to cities Women sewed clothes and prepared food for needy Critics: gov’t spending money to “make work”

Providing for the Future • GOAL: provide specific aid to young people • National

Providing for the Future • GOAL: provide specific aid to young people • National Youth Administration (NYA) – created to provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people • Student aid in exchange for part-time work at their education institutions • Provided part-time jobs to youth who dropped out of school or could not find work after graduation (road work, park maintenance and development, work on ground of public buildings)

Improving Labor Conditions • GOAL: raise the standard of living for industrial workers •

Improving Labor Conditions • GOAL: raise the standard of living for industrial workers • Wagner Act – 1935, reestablished the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • protected workers rights to join unions and participate in collective bargaining • management could not threaten firing due to union activity • Fair Labor Standards Act – 1938 • maximum working hours at 44/week, decreased to 40/week in 1940 • Minimum wage at 25 cents/hour, increased to 40 cents in 1945 • Rules for workers under 18 years old

Social Security • GOAL: provide for the elderly and unemployed • Social Security Act

Social Security • GOAL: provide for the elderly and unemployed • Social Security Act – 1935 • Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses (supplemental retirement plan) • Unemployment compensation • Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled

Expanding and Regulating Utilities • GOAL: bring electricity to rural areas • Rural Electrification

Expanding and Regulating Utilities • GOAL: bring electricity to rural areas • Rural Electrification Administration (REA) – financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas • By 1945, 90% of rural farms had electricity