Propulsion Controls and Diagnostics Research at NASA GRC

Propulsion Controls and Diagnostics Research at NASA GRC – Status Report Dr. Sanjay Garg Branch Chief Ph: (216) 433 -2685 FAX: (216) 433 -8990 email: sanjay. garg@nasa. gov http: //www. lerc. nasa. gov/WWW/cdtb Presented at: Aerospace Guidance and Control System Committee Meeting Boulder, CO, March 1, 2007 Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field

NASA Aeronautics’ Program Structure Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate Fundamental Aeronautics Program Aviation Safety Program Airspace Systems Program Integrated Vehicle Health Management Hypersonics Subsonic Fixed Wing Subsonic Rotary Wing Controls and Dynamics Branch Super-Density Surface Management Aging Aircraft Integrated Flight Deck Technologies Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control Next Generation Air Transportation System

Propulsion Control for Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing • Distributed Engine Control • Active Flow Control for Compression Systems Subsonic Rotary Wing • Integrated Engine and Transmission control Supersonics • Active Combustion Control • Integrated inlet / engine control Hypersonics • High Speed propulsion control and integration with flight control • Mode Switch management • Unsteady Combustion / Ejection Systems Glenn Research Center Controls and Dynamics Branch at Lewis Field

Propulsion Control and Diagnostics for Aviation Safety Program Integrated Vehicle Health Management ……… Propulsion Health Management • Self awareness and prognosis of gas path, combustion, and overall engine state; fault-tolerant system architecture • Gas Path health management Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control ……… IIFD Resilient Propulsion Control • Damage tolerance and design for extended envelope operation; onboard hazard effects assessment, mitigation and recovery • …. . Glenn Research Center Controls and Dynamics Branch AAD at Lewis Field

Current Engine Control Architecture • Centralized with each sensor/actuator directly connected to FADEC Sensor electronics CPU / Memory Power FADEC Controls and Dynamics Branch Sensor_2 Sensor_ j BUS Communication Sensor_1 Actuation electronics Actuator_n Actuation electronics Actuator_2 Actuator_1

Controls and Dynamics Branch

Centralized Engine Control • Pros: – Works, reliable, well-understood, experience, comfort level • Cons: – Expensive, inflexible, in the future will become a limiting factor in engine performance – Wire harness weight forces the FADEC to be colocated on the engine structure – Co-located FADEC requires environmental hardening (thermal, mechanical) further increasing weight and cost. – Complicates fault detection and isolation Glenn Research Center Controls and Dynamics Branch at Lewis Field

Distributed Engine Control Communication CPU / Memory Power FADEC Controls and Dynamics Branch Sensor_1 Sensor electronics Sensor_2 Sensor electronics Sensor_ j Actuation electronics Actuator_n Actuation electronics Actuator_2 Actuation electronics Actuator_1 BUS Communication Sensor electronics

Distributed Engine Control • Topologies: – Star (point to point), Ring or bus (daisy chain) – Wired or wireless • Pros: – Known to work well in other industries, much less expensive (initial and overall cost), very flexible • Cons: – Communication unknowns and deterministic behavior – Overall increased complexity – Requires new technologies, i. e. , high temperature electronics Glenn Research Center Controls and Dynamics Branch at Lewis Field