Properties of Matter Chapter 16 Properties 4 Extensive

Properties of Matter Chapter 16

Properties 4 Extensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material affects the property 4 Intensive = Characteristic of matter in which the amount of the material does not affect the property

List examples of extensive and intensive properties

Measuring Matter Measurement Unit instrument Length Meter (m) Meter stick, ruler, odometer Volume Liter (l) or cubic meter cm 3 Gram (g) or kilogram (kg) Celsius (C 0) or Kelvin (K) g/cm 3 or g/ml Ruler or graduated cylinder Mass Temperature density Scale or balance Thermometer Balance and ruler or graduated cylinder

Classifying Matter: matter can be classified into two main types 4 Mixture 4 Pure Substances 4 contains more than one 4 is matter that cannot be kind of matter that can be separated by physical means sugar Trail mix

Two Types of substances 4 Elements 4 Compounds 4 has one kind type of 4 a substance that atom 4 examples: 4 helium (He) 4 carbon (C) 4 hydrogen (H) 4 oxygen (O) contains more than one type of atom 4 examples: 4 H 2 O (pure water) 4 Na. Cl (sodium chloride)

Matter 4 Examples of elements: mercury gold aluminum iodine

Examples of pure substances that are compounds Na. Cl = table salt Water =H 2 O Sugar = C 6 H 12 O 6

Basic units of substances are always in motion 4 Atom 4 is the smallest possible particle of an element 4 Molecule 4 is the smallest particle of the compound that retains the properties of the compound

Types of mixtures 4 Heterogeneous mixture 4 Homogeneous Mixture 4 the composition is not 4 The composition is uniform (different) 4 examples: 4 chicken noodle soup 4 mixed nuts 4 soil uniform (same) 4 examples: 4 salt water 4 tap water 4 brass

What type of mixture is it? heterogeneous homogeneous Salt water

Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids 4 It isn’t always easy to tell the difference between a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. 4 Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid.

Solutions 4 When substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture, the mixture that forms is called a solution.

All mixtures can be separated. 4 Methods to separate mixtures 4 1. Sorting 4 2. Filtering 4 3. Heating 4 4. Cooling 4 5. distillation

Matter Substances mixtures Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous mixture Compounds elements

Two types of Properties of Matter 4 1. A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance in the material. 4 A chemical property can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

Physical Properties 4 Viscosity= Resistance of a liquid to flowing High viscosity

Physical Properties of matter 4 Conductivity = the ability of matter to transfer heat or electricity

Physical Properties 4 Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. diamond 4 Hardness is used to compare two materials. If a material can scratch another then it is harder.

Physical Properties 4 Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid (Water in the form of ice melts at 00 C) 4 Boiling Point is the temperature at which a substance boils. (water boils at 1000 C)

Physical Properties of Matter 4 Density is the ratio of the mass to volume of a substance. 4

Chemical Properties 4 A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter. 4 Chemical properties can be observed only when the substance in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

Observing Chemical Properties 4 Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

Observing chemical properties 4 The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is reactivity. 4 Examples: 4 Rusting 4 Chemical reaction

Indentifying Chemical Change 4 Common types of evidence for a chemical change are 4 1. color 4 2. production of gas 4 3. formation of a precipitate 4 4. Thermal energy change

Identifying a chemical change

States of Matter 4 Solid 4 has a definite shape and definite volume 4 molecules vibrate slow but cannot switch places with other molecules

States of Matter 4 Liquid 4 has a definite volume but no definite shape 4 Molecules move faster and slip out of position

States of Matter 4 Gas 4 has no definite shape or volume 4 molecules move so fast that they bounce out of the liquid state and become a gas.

Temperature= the average energy of the molecules

Changing States of Matter 4 Melting point 4 Boiling point 4 temperature at which it changed from solid to liquid changes from a liquid to a gas

Changing state of matter 4 Evaporation 4 Condensation 4 fast-moving molecules 4 molecules in a gas in a liquid can escape to become a gas 4 cooling because it take the energy (heat) away from the substance slow down and change into a liquid

Changes in State of Matter 4 Sublimation 4 when a solid changes directly from a solid to a gas