PRONOUNS WRITE SOURCE 704 710 718 754 756

PRONOUNS WRITE SOURCE 704 -710, 718, 754, 756

PERSONAL PRONOUNS • 704. 1 Classes of Pronouns Chart

Personal: take the place of any noun I, me, my, mine / we, us, ours you, yours/ they, them, theirs he, him, his, she, hers, its Reflexive & Intensive: emphasizes the noun or pronoun it refers to myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves Relative: relates or connects an adjective clause to the noun or pronoun it modifies what, whose, whom, which, that Indefinite: refers to unnamed or unknown people or things all, another, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each one, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most, much, neither, nobody, none, nothing, one, other, several, somebody, someone, something, such Interrogative: asks a question who, whose, whom, which, what Demonstrative: points out people, places, or things without naming them this, that, these, those

Wednesday • 754. 3 Relative Pronouns: (who, which, that) is used as the subject of a clause, the number of the verb is determined by the antecedent of the pronoun. (Antecedent: word to which the pronoun refers) – This is one of the books that are required for class. – (The relative pronoun that requires the plural verb are because its antecedent, books, is plural) • Note: to test this type of sentence for agreement, read the “of” phrase first. – Of the books that are required for class, this is the one.

Wednesday 754. 2 Indefinite Pronouns: • Singular: (require singular verb) each, either, neither, on, everybody, another, anybody, everyone, nobody, everything, somebody, and someone. – Everybody is invited. • Plural: both, few, many, and several. – Many ask for frozen yogurt. • Both: all, any, most, none, and some.

PRONOUNS: NUMBER & PERSON, FUNCTIONS • 710. 1 Case of Pronoun • Nominative case: pronoun can be the subject of a clause. Forms: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. • I like life when things go well. • Predicate Nominative: if it follows a “be” verb (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) or another linking verb (appear, become, feel, etc. ) and renames the subject. • “Yes, it is I, ” said Mai. • Possessive Case: pronoun shows possession or ownership. (Note: apostrophes are not used with personal pronouns) Possessive pronouns can also be classified as adjectives. • “But as I placed my hand upon his shoulder, there came a strong shudder over his whole person. ” –“The Fall of the House of Usher” by Edgar Allan Poe • Objective Case: a direct object, indirect object, or an object of the preposition. • The kids loved it (direct object of “loved)! We lit a campfire for them (object of the preposition “for”) and told them (indirect object of “told”) old ghost stories.

FUNCTIONS OF PRONOUNS Write Source Function Symbol 738. 1 Subject 710. 1 Predicate nominative PN 710. 1 Possessive pronoun POS 716. 2 Direct object DO The river’s current pulled him under. 716. 2 Indirect object IO Frank gave me some paperback books. Object of preposition OP This isn’t about me. 732 S Example You need to change your clothes. “That is you, ” she remarked about my shirt. His shoes were ruined by the rain.

PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT • A pronoun must agree in number, person, and gender with its antecedent. • Antecedent: the word to which the pronoun refers. • Cal brought his gerbil to school. • The antecedent of his is Cal. • Both are singular, third person, and masculine (therefore, they agree)

PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT • 756. 1 Agreement in Number • Use a singular pronoun to refer to such antecedents as each, either, neither, one, anybody, everyone, everybody, somebody, another, nobody, and a person. • Neither of the brothers likes his (not their) room. • Two or more singular antecedents joined by or or nor are also referred to by a singular pronoun. • Either Connie or Sue left her headset in the library. • If one of the antecedents joined by or or nor is singular and one is plural, the pronoun should agree with the nearer antecedent. • Neither the manager nor the players were crazy about their new uniforms. • Use a plural pronoun to refer to plural antecedents as well as compound subjects joined by and. • Jarred and Carlos are finishing their assignments.

PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT • 756. 2 Agreement in Gender • Use a masculine or feminine pronoun depending upon the gender of the antecedent. • Claire is always complaining about her feet being cold. • Matt would like to bring his dog along on the trip. • Use a neuter pronoun when the antecedent has no gender. • The ancient weeping willow is losing many of its branches. • When a person or everyone is used to refer to both genders or either gender, you will have to choose whether to offer optional pronouns or rewrite the sentence. • A person should be allowed to choose her or his own footwear. • People should be allowed to choose their own footwear.

718. 2 Person of a Verb (Using Pronouns) • Person: indicates whether the subject of the verb is first, second, or third person (is speaking, is spoken to, or is spoken about). The form of the verb usually changes only when a present-tense verb is used with a third-person singular pronoun. Singular Plural First Person I sniff We sniff Second Person You sniff Third Person He/she/it sniffs They niff