Pronoun A word that takes the place of

Pronoun A word that takes the place of a noun or a group of words acting as a noun. S

Subject and Object Pronouns S Subject Pronouns S I, we S You S He, she, it, they Object Pronouns me, us you him, her, it, them Examples: (Incorrect) The firefighters described how the firefighters did the firefighters’ jobs. (Correct) The firefighters described how they did their jobs. **Be sure to name your noun BEFORE you replace it with a pronoun.

Possessive Pronouns: words used to show ownership S My, mine, ours S Your, yours S His, hers, its, theirs Examples: 1. My book is overdue at our library. 2. Look at their puppy; he is learning new tricks. 3. Your mother is very nice. **Practice writing sentences using possessive pronouns.

Personal Pronouns: refers to the person speaking (first person), the person spoken to (second person), or the person, place, or thing spoken about (third person)

S Singular pronouns Plural Pronouns 1 st person: I, me, my, mine we, us, ours 2 nd person: you, your, yours 3 rd person: he, him, his, they, them, theirs she, hers, its Examples: 1. The students received their awards at the ceremony. 2. She looked forward to finding the prize. 3. Why are you wearing those pants? **Practice pg. 304 ex. 14 (old book)

Antecedents: the noun (or group of words acting as a noun) for which the pronoun stands/replaces 1. The firefighters described how they did their jobs. (Antecedent) (Pronouns) 2. The rescue worker appeared. She appeared to be unharmed. (Antecedent) (Pronoun) **Some pronouns will not have antecedents!** Also, double check yourselfreplace the pronoun with the antecedent. Does it make sense? Most of the time it should!! Everyone knows what the truth is. The pronoun “everyone” does not have an antecedent because it is unclear who they are talking about. Practice pg. 303 ex. 13 (old book)

Reflexive Pronouns S Reflexive Pronouns: refers to the subject and is necessary to the meaning of the sentence. S reflexive (adj. ) [grammar]: reflecting back on the subject, like a mirror S We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "selves" (plural).

Reflexive Pronouns There are eight reflexive pronouns: SINGULAR PLURAL myself ourselves yourself yourselves herself, himself, itself themselves EXAMPLES: John saw me. (Does not refer to the same person) versus I saw myself in the mirror. (Reflexive because it refers to the same person) Why does he blame you? (Does not refer to the same person) versus Why do you blame yourself? (Reflexive because it refers to the same

Intensive Pronouns S Intensive Pronouns: emphasize a noun or another pronoun and is unnecessary to the meaning of the sentence. S In English, intensive pronouns are the same as reflexive pronouns, but an intensive pronoun is different from a reflexive, because the intensive pronoun can be removed without altering the meaning of the sentence. S They are used to add emphasis to a statement; for example, "I did it myself. "

Intensive Pronouns Look at these examples: 1. I made it myself. OR I myself made it. 2. Have yourself seen it? OR Have you seen it yourself? 3. The President himself promised to stop the war. 4. She spoke to me herself. OR She herself spoke to me. 5. The exam itself wasn't difficult, but exam room was horrible. 6. Never mind. We'll do it ourselves. 7. You yourselves asked us to do it.

Demonstrative Pronouns: points out a specific person, place, or thing A demonstrative pronoun will generally appear at the beginning of a sentence, its antecedent later in the sentence. However, sometimes the demonstrative pronoun will be found after its antecedent. Singular pronouns: this, that Plural pronouns: these, those Examples: 1. That has always been my favorite subject. 2. We met an EMT and a doctor. These were the most interesting speakers. 3. This is Carl’s. Practice pg. 305 ex. 15 (old book)

Relative Pronouns S Relative Pronouns: Introduces a subordinate clause (sometimes called dependent clause) S Every clause contains a subject and a verb – not all clauses express complete thoughts S Independent Clause: expresses a complete thought S Subordinate Clause: does not express a complete thought S RELATIVE PRONOUNS That Whichever Whoever Whom Whosever Whomever

Relative Pronouns SIDE NOTE: Relative Pronouns introduce subordinate clauses, but so do subordinate conjunctions * Remember - A CONJUNCTION is a word that connects or joins together words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS After Since Where When Although So That Whenever As Supposing Because Than Whereas Before That Wherever But that Though Whether If Though Which In order that Till While Unless Who No matter Until Why What Even Though * Examples of independent versus subordinate conjunctions – page 112 in new grammar book

Indefinite Pronouns: refers to a person , place, or thing that is NOT specifically named Singular or Plural everyone Singular another much anybody neither everything few anyone nobody little many more anything no one somebody others most each nothing someone several none either one both all everybody other something some

Examples: 1. Many of the students are on the honor roll. 2. Everything was in place before the guests arrived. 3. None of the jackets were his. 4. Several of the books looked interesting. Practice pg. 307 ex. 17 (old book)

Interrogative Pronouns: words that are used to begin a question Most interrogative pronouns do not have antecedents. What, which, whom, whose Examples: 1. What did the doctor say? 2. Which is the best treatment? 3. Who wants to be a doctor? Practice pg. 306 ex. 16 (old book)