PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING Presented by Cindy Magirl

PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING Presented by: Cindy Magirl, RN Eric Nelson, RN Tennille Sassano, RN Jennifer Vicarie, RN

Why is breast feeding important?

Benefits of Breast Feeding Video You tube. com

Objective • Increase the percentage of breast feeding ever • Educate mothers on importance of breast feeding google. com

Breastfeeding Report Card 2012 • Infants ever breast fed 76. 9% • Infants breast fed at 6 months 47. 2% • Infants breast fed at 12 months 25. 5%

Healthy People 2020 Objective MICH-21: Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed MICH-21. 1 Ever 81. 9% MICH-21. 2 At 6 months 60. 6% MICH-21. 3 At 1 year 34. 1% Exclusively through 3 MICH-21. 4 46. 2% months Exclusively through 6 MICH-21. 5 25. 5% months MICH-22: Increase the proportion of employers that 38% have worksite lactation support programs. MICH-23: Reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive formula supplementation 14. 2% within the first 2 days of life. MICH-24: Increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that provide recommended care for 8. 1% lactating mothers and their babies.

Demographics Percent of Infants Age Group Ever breastfed* Any at 6 months Exclusively at 6 months**† *Ever fed breast milk. **Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as only human breast milk—no solids, water, or other liquids. †Data is for infants aged 6 months to 5 years. Those less than 6 months of age were excluded. Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Survey of Children’s Health. Unpublished data. Total 75. 5 45. 0 12. 4 20 Years or Younger 58. 5 22. 2 4. 6 21 -29 Years 76. 5 44. 4 12. 3 30 Years or Older 79. 8 51. 2 14. 1

Demographics Breastfeeding Among Children Aged 0 -5 Years, by Maternal Education and Duration, 2007 Percent of Infants Education Level Ever breastfed* Any at 6 months Exclusively at 6 months**† *Ever fed breast milk. **Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as only human breast milk—no solids, water, or other liquids. †Data is for infants aged 6 months to 5 years. Those less than 6 months of age were excluded. Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Survey of Children’s Health. Unpublished data. Total 75. 5 45. 0 12. 4 Less than High School 68. 1 37. 8 10. 4 High School 67. 9 33. 4 9. 2 More than High School 81. 7 52. 3 14. 4

Demographics Percentage of infants who were ever breastfed by poverty income ratio(PIR) and race ethnicity. United States. 1999 -2006 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Total Non-Hispanic White PIR less than or equal to 1. 85 Non-Hispanic Black Mexican American PIR greater than 1. 85

Social Determinants • Women with higher family incomes • Higher education levels • Professional or executive occupations • Foreign born Latino women Google. com

Pros • Protects babies • Easier to digest • Easily accept solid food • Less ear infections & diarrhea • Decrease risk of SIDS, diabetes, childhood leukemia, asthma, obesity • Mothers bond with baby • Formula cannot match exact composition of breast milk Cons • Comfort level • Lifestyle • Medical considerations • Time commitment • Fathers and siblings feel left out

Health of Mother • Decrease chance of hemorrhage • Delays return of menstrual cycle • Requires mother to take time to relax and bond • Decrease risk for diabetes, breast and uterine cancer, post partum depression, and osteoporosis • Greater weight loss • Google. com

Other Benefits • Less expensive • Better for environment • Easier • Less infant deaths • Savings in medical costs

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL: Precede –Proceed Model-Breast Feeding HEALTH PROGRAM PREDISPOSING GENETICS HEALTH BEHAVIOR REINFORCING POLICY ENABLING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS QUALITY OF LIFE

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL I Planning HEALTH EDUCATION MEDIA ADVOCACY PREDISPOSING HEALTH REINFORCING II LIFESTYLE QUALITY OF LIFE POLICY REGULATIONS RESOURCES ORGANIZATION ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Determinants III Educational and Environmental Development…Evaluation Risk Management Products

Possible Ways to Achieve Objective • OB Gyn offices • Healthy Lifestyles • Women’s shelters • Pregnancy Crisis Centers • Pediatrician’s offices • Prenatal classes • Hospitals

Resources • Obstetricians • Pediatricians • Office staff • Healthy Lifestyles • Handouts • Media – DVD • Classroom

Action Plan • Tennille and Jennifer will teach 12 classes once weekly over 3 months • Eric and Cindy will contact pediatric offices to retrieve data at the start of classes • Compile data to see if objectives are being reached

Evaluation • Pediatric check sheet • Compare to Healthy People 2020 data

References • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Breastfeeding in • • the United States: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 -2006. Retrieved from http: //www. cdc. gov/nchs/databriefs/db 05. htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Breastfeeding Report Card – United States, 2012. Retrieved from http: //www. cdc. gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard. htm Dermer, Alicia. (2001, August). A well-kept secret breastfeeding’s benefits to mothers. New Beginnings, 18(4), 124 -127. Harmon, Katherine. (2010, April 30). How breastfeeding benefits mothers’ health. Scientific American. Retrieved fromhttp: //www. scientificamerican. com/article. cfm? id=breastfee ding-benefits-mothers&page=2 Heck, Katherine E. , Braveman, Paula, Cubbin, Catherine, and Chavez, Gilberto F. (2006, Jan-Feb). Socioeconomic Status and Breastfeeding Initiation Among California Mothers. E Journal of Public Health Reports, 121(1): 51 -59. Retrieved from http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC 1497787/

References • Mcneill, Elisa. (n. d. ). [Document] Precede-procede model (Green & Kreuter, 2005)-breast feeding application. Retrieved from mcneill. tamu. edu/hlkn%20415 web/Precedebreastfeeding. doc • Pender, Nola, Murdaugh, Carolyn, and Parsons, Mary A. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (pp. 74 -76). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. • Sy Kraft. (2011, June 14). Moms guard against SIDS and breastfeed babies; formula won’t work. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http: //www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/228457. php • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010, August 4). Why breastfeeding is important. Retrieved from http: //www. womenshealth. gov/breastfeeding/whybreastfeeding-is-important/

References • U. S. Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2011). Child Health USA 2011. Retrieved from http: //mchb. hrsa. gov/chusa 11/hstat/hsi/pages/204 b. h tml • Whalen, Bonny. (2012, September 6). Dartmouth. Hitchcock. The Benefits of Breastfeeding. Podcast retrieved from http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=NDVvz_HQUME • Yngve, Agneta and Sjostrom, Michael. (2001). Breastfeeding determinants and a suggested framework for action in Europe. Public Health Nutrition, 4(2 B), 729 -739. doi: 10. 1079/PHN 201164