Prokaryotic Cell Structure Biology Fall 2016 Prokaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell Structure Biology Fall 2016

Prokaryotic Cell Structure • Prokaryotes- bacteria that are unicellular organisms that no not have a nucleus or membranebound organelles. • Aka bacteria (You. Tube video)

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Plasmid- genes separate from chromosomes which can carry antibiotic-resistant genes. • Look like Spaghetti O’s

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Flagellum- some bacteria have long, whip-like projections that enable them to move. • Flagella-plural • Found in both animal and bacterial cells

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell Capsule- sticky capsule around the cell wall that enhances some bacteria to cause a disease.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Chromosome- single DNA molecule NOT enclosed in the nucleus. • This contains most of the bacteria’s genes.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis. • The suffix –sis means that it’s a process. • Synthesis means “to make new” • In this case, it means the process of making new proteins. • Proteins are macromolecules.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Pilus- extensions of the plasma membrane. • They “help” bacteria stick to a surface and also acts as a bridge where two bacteria can exchange DNA. • Pili- plural • Like cactus needles.

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Plasma membrane- surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell. • Aka cell membrane • Aka lipid bilayer

Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell • Cell wall- surrounds the plasma membrane. • It gives the cell its shape and prevents osmosis (water entering) from bursting the cell. • (It’s in between the layers. Look for the blue part. )