Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Computer Filename pkvsek ppt Hugh

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Computer Filename: pkvsek. ppt Hugh B. Fackrell 1 1/20/

Presentation Outline Major Groups of Organisms n Classification of Organisms n Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes n 2 1/20/

Background Terms & Concepts Proteins n Membranes (membr. ppt) n Formation of lipid bilayers (membr. ppt) n Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes n Evolution of eukaryotes n 3 1/20/

Cell n n n 4 Basic unit of all organisms in the various kingdoms Cell membrane Protoplasm Genetic information DNA & RNA 1/20/

Major Groups of Organisms Plants n Animals n Fungi n Protista n Prokaryotes n Viruses n 5 1/20/

Major Groups of Organisms n Plants: – photosynthetic, inorganic food n Animals: – non photosynthetic, organic food 6 1/20/

1 of 2 Major Groups of Organisms n Fungi: – non photosynthetic, organic food, – microscopic, filamentous n Subgroups – Yeasts – True fungi n 7 molds, rusts, smuts, mushrooms 1/20/

Protista n Microscopic eukaryotes – Food organic or inorganic – Some photosynthetic n Examples – Slime molds – Algae – Protozoa 8 1/20/

Prokaryotes n Characteristics – No nucleus or nuclear membrane – Microscopic – Food organic or inorganic – Some photosynthetic è Bacteria n Cyanobacteria n Eubacteria 9 è Archaea (archaebacteria) 1/20/

Viruses n Non cellular – Reproduce only in living host cells – Food from living cells – By infection only n ONE nucleic acid – DNA viruses – RNA viruses n 10 Protective protein coat 1/20/

Viroids n 11 Special subgroup of viruses that lack the protective protein coat 1/20/

Prions Mad cow disease, scrapie n “Infectious” proteins n – genetically coded by animal n 2 configurations of same protein – One form harmless – Second form pathologic – Pathological configuration acts as a template to convert harmless form 12 1/20/

Classification of Organisms n From Fossil Record & Morphology – Five Kingdoms- plants, animals, fungi , protistia, prokaryotes – Prokaryotes - Eubacteria, Archeobacteria n From Cellular organization – Three kingdoms- Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukaryotes 13 1/20/

Empires Level of organization above the kingdom level n Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria) n Bacteria ( formerly Eubacteria) n Eucarya (plants, animals, protista, fungi) n 14 1/20/

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes n n n 15 Prokaryotes No nuclear membrane DNA in ONE molecule free in cytoplasm No membrane bound organelles No cytoskeleton n n Eukaryotes Nuclear membrane DNA organized in several molecules (chromosomes) Many different membrane bound organelles Cytoskeleton 1/20/

Prokaryotes (details) Size: 1 -10 m n Flagella: simple, 2 proteins n Capsule: extracellular polymer n Cell wall: usual, complex n Plasma membrane: no carbohydrates or sterols n Ribosomes: small(70 S) n Cell division: binary fission n 16 1/20/

Eukaryotes (details) Size: 10 -100 m n Flagella: Complex, many microtublules n Capsule: none n Cell wall: if present chemically simple n Plasma membrane: Sterols & carbohydrates n Ribosomes: large (80 S) in cytoplasm n – small(70 S) in organelles n Cell 17 division: mitosis 1/20/

Summary Simple cells n Single circular chromosome n 1 -2 microns in size n few internal compartments or organelles n Complex Cell Wall common n Cell wall unique n 18 1/20/