Prokaryotes Single celled bacteria AP Biology 3 Domain
Prokaryotes Single celled bacteria AP Biology
3 Domain system § Domains = “Super” Kingdoms Bacteria (prokaryotes) u Archaea (prokaryotes) u § extremophiles = live in extreme environments w methanogens w halogens w thermophiles u Eukarya § eukaryotes w protists w fungi w plants w animals AP Biology
Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom AP Biology. Fungi Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia
CQ: § Which of the following is NOT a domain? Archea u Bacteria u Eukarya u Prokarya u AP Biology
Prokaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria AP Biology Domain Archaea Common ancestor Domain Eukarya
Bacteria live EVERYWHERE! § Bacteria live in all ecosystems on plants & animals u in the soil u in depths of the oceans u in extreme cold u in extreme hot u in extreme salt u on the living u on the dead u AP Biology
Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My! AP Biology
eukaryote cell Prokaryote Structure § Unicellular u prokaryote cell bacilli, cocci, spirilli § Size u 1/10 size of eukaryote cell § 1 micron (1 um) § Internal structure u no internal compartments § no membrane-bound organelles § only ribosomes u AP Biology circular, naked DNA § not wrapped around proteins
Which DOES NOT describe prok? A. Small size B. Has a nucleus C. Usually unicellular AP Biology
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Chromosome Prokaryote Eukaryote double helix AP Biology
Prokaryote Cell Wall Structure Gram-positive bacteria peptide side chains cell wall peptidoglycan plasma membrane That’s important for your doctor to know! protein peptidoglycan = polysaccharides + amino acid chains lipopolysaccharides = lipids + polysaccharides Gram-negative bacteria cell wall outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides outer membrane peptidoglycan AP Biology plasma membrane
Prokaryotic metabolism § How do bacteria acquire their energy & nutrients? u photoautotrophs § photosynthetic bacteria u chemoautotrophs § oxidize inorganic compounds w nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen… u heterotrophs § live on plant & animal matter § decomposers & pathogens AP Biology
How do Prok. Get food? § CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS A. B. C. D. E. AP Biology Photosynthesis Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration Decomposers Chemicals (chemioautotroph)
Genetic variation in bacteria § Mutations u bacteria can reproduce every 20 minutes § binary fission u error rate in copying DNA § 1 in every 200 bacteria has a mutation AP Biology
Bacteria as pathogens § Disease-causing microbes u plant diseases § wilts, fruit rot, blights u animal diseases § § § § AP Biology tooth decay, ulcers anthrax, botulism plague, leprosy, “flesh-eating” disease STDs: gonorrhea, chlamydia typhoid, cholera TB, pneumonia lyme disease
Bacteria as beneficial (& necessary) § Life on Earth is dependent on bacteria u decomposers § recycling of nutrients from dead to living u nitrogen fixation § only organisms that can fix N from atmosphere w needed for synthesis of proteins & nucleic acids w plant root nodules u help in digestion (E. coli) § digest cellulose for herbivores w cellulase enzyme § produce vitamins K & B 12 for humans u produce foods & medicines § from yogurt to insulin AP Biology
Any Questions? ? AP Biology
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