Project X Aligned Programs ILCSRFHINS Bob Kephart DOE

Project X Aligned Programs: ILC/SRF/HINS Bob Kephart DOE S&T Review June 30 - July 2, 2009

Project X SRF Linac Most ~ 7/8 of LINAC is built of ILC-like CM but ~ 25 MV/M gradient

FNAL SRF Linac R&D plan in support of Project X • Build a prototype SRF based front end for Project X and evaluate its performance vs a warm FE (HINS) • Build and operate prototypes of Project X 1. 3 GHz cryomodules • § = 0. 8 cryomodule ( Project X ) § = 1 cryomodule (synergistic with ILC R&D) Develop SRF infrastructure at Fermilab (SRF) § Supports ILC R&D § Supports Project X R&D (and construction)

Leads to 4 Closely Aligned SRF efforts Project X SRF linac R&D • ILC SRF R&D • HINS SRF R&D • SRF infrastructure • • Pursuing these in a coordinated way

FNAL ILC R&D Mission and Goals Mission: • Work with the GDE Americas Regional Team (ART) to develop the ILC design & gain approval of the project Goals: • • • Participate in the Technical Design Phase (TDP) Participate in Accelerator Physics, Conventional Facilities Design, and global systems work to further develop the ILC design Work towards GDE SRF goals § § § S 0: Cavity gradient of 35 MV/m; good yield S 1: Cryomodules with average gradient > 31. 5 MV/m S 2: ILC RF unit tests with ILC beam parameters Bulk of ILC effort is closely aligned with Px Goals Since high gradient and high yield efforts are essentially identical • R&D and value engineering to reduce costs • ILC R&D (GDE: Americas Regional Team) funded as separate B&R § § FNAL’s Role in ART reviewed by DOE in Apr 29 -30, 2009 Positive: Review Committee “impressed” with progress at FNAL

High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) Program Mission: • Develop technologies applicable to a high-intensity proton/H- Linac front -end and demonstrate them in an operating accelerator Goals: § § § Þ • Accelerate an axially symmetric beam (solenoidal focusing) to 30 Me. V, utilizing superconducting Rf technology beyond 10 Me. V Development of Superconducting (SC) spoke resonators Demonstrate effectiveness of RF modulators for phase and amplitude control of individual cavities fed by a common rf source Goal is to complete facility (@30 Me. V) in 2012 HINS effort, including HINS SRF activities are funded from B&R category 150201 -1, “Future Physics and General Accelerator” reviewed by AAC

FNAL SRF Infrastructure Program Mission: Develop SRF infrastructure at FNAL and perform R&D to master the technology for future accelerator projects (e. g. ILC or Project X) Goals: • Master fabrication & processing of cavities & cryomodules • Build SRF infrastructure that is difficult for industry to provide • § • • • Large cryogenic & RF systems, cavity & cryomodule testing systems, etc. Operate facilities to acquire required expertise Transfer SRF technology to U. S. industry Participate in national & international collaborative SRF R&D Funded as separate B&R • § Original focus: FNAL infrastructure for 1. 3 GHz elliptical cavities for ILC § Revised HEPAP priorities: Project X @ FNAL and ILC on a slower time line… but still large overlap of Px and ILC goals, funds SRF industrialization in the U. S. DOE review: SRF May 18 -19, 2009 including ARRA funds § Report being prepared: Very positive remarks at closeout

1. 3 GHz Joint Development Strategy • Project X shares 1. 3 GHz technology with the ILC § Project X requires 46 ILC-like cryomodules. In detail they will not be identical to ILC: ® ® ® • Close coordination of Project X and ILC R&D program § § • Beam current: 20 m. A 1. 25 msec 2. 5 Hz Focusing required in all CMs Gradient: 25 MV/m Developing U. S. cavity vendors Cavity gradient and yield! Shared facilities for assembly and testing RF unit beam facility 4 year construction 1 CM/month § Building extensive infrastructure at FNAL for both Project X and ILC R&D U. S.

FY 08 -09 ILC/SRF Accomplishments • Despite FY 08 funding turmoil, good progress on SRF technology • FNAL has several new SRF facilities now in full operation § § § • New Vertical Test Stand; tests bare cavities (35 tests in FY 08 -09) New Horizontal Test Stand; tests dressed cavities (5 tests in FY 08) Cryomodule Assembly Facility; 2 CM assembled in MP 9 & ICB Other Infrastructure is being commissioned § Infrastructure to dress 1. 3 GHz nine-cells (1 st nine-cell finished) ANL/FNAL Joint EP Processing; (10 single cell tests, 1 st 9 cells) RF unit test facility at New Muon Lab; under construction § Recovering from 8 -12 month delays due to Omnibus and FY 09 CR § §

FY 08 -09 ILC/SRF Accomplishments • FNAL has built a variety of SRF components § § Cavities: 48 ordered, 22 from U. S. industry, ~30 delivered Cryomodules: Assembled 2 cryomodules with CAF ® ® ® • CM 1 = Type III+ assembled from DESY kit of parts Designed/assembled a 3. 9 GHz CM for DESY Parts in hand for cold mass of a 2 nd type III+ CM Recently dressed 1 st 9 -cell cavity Type IV CM design ~ complete and ordering parts in FY 09 SRF Materials program established § § Single-cell program for U. S. cavity vendor development EP process development for ANL/FNAL joint system Improved diagnostics (thermometry, optical inspection) Understanding reasons for poor performers (weld pits)

FY 08 -09 ILC/SRF Accomplishments • Industrialization § § • ILC cavities built by U. S. vendors (AES, Roark/Niowave) Engaging several industrial vendors in cavity surface processing Engaging several U. S. vendors to produce type IV CM parts Limited thus far by funding but ARRA funds will change this Growing network of collaborations § § For Px, ILC, HINS, and general SRF development For SRF alone we have MOU’s with 18 institutions

SRF Collaborations • • • • ANL: EP development and cavity processing Cornell: Cavity processing & test, materials R&D DESY: 3. 9 GHz, cryomodule kit, FLASH, S 0 R&D KEK: Cavity R&D, ATF II, S 0 R&D MSU: Px Beta=0. 8 cavities, hydroform, TIG TJNL: EP cavity processing and test, S 0 R&D INFN: tuners, HTS, NML gun cathodes TRIUMF: Vendor development SLAC: RF power, klystrons, couplers, distribution CERN, DESY, KEK, INFN, etc: Type IV CM design India: CM design, Px Beta= 0. 8 cavities, infrastructure, etc China: Peking U, IHEP, cavity development UC, NW, NHMFL, Cornell, DESY, KEK, etc: SRF Materials

ANL/FNAL Cavity Processing Facility Electro-Polish Ultrasonic Cleaning • Major High-Pressure Rinse Assembly & Vacuum Leak Testing new facility for ILC R&D and Px (comparable to JLAB EP facility) • Delayed by Omnibus ~1 yr but being commissioned now • 10 single-cell EP processes complete, excellent performance >30 MV/M • Two 9 -cell EP’ed, One tested > 38 MV/M • Misc teething pains: Currently working to resolve HPR pump problem

VTS String Assembly ANL/FNAL EP MP 9 Clean Room HTS VTS NML Facility Final Assembly 1 st U. S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule

MDB Infrastructure RF Power for HTS Large Vacuum Pump for 2 K Cryogenics transfer lines in MDB Capture Cavity-II test in MDB

ILC/Px Type IV Cryomodule Design & Tools CRYOMODULE 2 (CM 2) Design Courtesy of Youri Orlov, FNAL

1 st FNAL built Cryomodules Cryomodule 1 From DESY kit 3. 9 GHz Cryomodule Designed/built at FNAL for DESY Cryomodule 2: cold mass parts in hand, from Europe, Need 8 dressed cavities

1 st Cavity Dressed at FNAL • 1 st Cavity has its He Tank welded… soon will have coupler and Tuner … then HTS test

RF Unit Test Facility at NML Existing Building 72 M New ILC like tunnel ~ 22 M Gun 3 rd har CC I, II Laser ILC RF unit Diagnostics Bunch Compressor 2 nd ILC RF unit Test Area New Enclosure RF Equipment • Overall Plan: Test RF units: Px, ILC S 1 & S 2 goals • ILC: 3 CM, Klystron, Modulator, LLRF • Move A 0 Injector to provide ILC like beam • New Tunnel Extension: design to allow 2 nd RF unit, diagnostic beam lines, AARD facility • New Building: Cryoplant, Cryomodule Test Stands Test Areas

1 st Cryomodule moving to NML Note: NML is funded completely with SRF funds But an important facility for both Px and ILC R&D

RF Unit Test Facility at NML

Progress at NML 1 st Cryomodule Test fit Control Room CM Feed Can Capture Cavity II @ NML Large Vacuum Pump He Refrigerator

SRF Materials R&D • Lots of activity ! • Understand/improve EP • New better diagnostics • Thermometry, optical insp • Breakthroughs in understanding! • Pits near EB welds cavity quench • Can reproduce pits in small Nb samples • Goal = Prevention! • But… also exploring repairs • E. g. Laser remelting of pit Laser welding machine Pit repaired?

Strategy for ARRA funds • Restore scope that was removed from the SRF program as a result of the FY 08 Omnibus Bill • Fund big ticket Infrastructure items that could not be funded in a timely way: New NML buildings and large 1. 8 K NML refrigerator • Fund new scope Cavity & EP industrialization, Industrial cryomodule parts, develop HF free process • Advance infrastructure and industrialization needed to be ready for Project X by 2013 or ILC participation ~2018 § 1 CM/ month capability § Upgrade EP facilities at ANL and JLAB to ~200 process/test cycles per year for BOTH Project X construction and ILC R&D § Gain experience by building and operating cryomodules Support SLAC effort on industrial RF coupler developmen §

Plan for ARRA funds Status: 80% of funds ($42. 1 M) approved @ FNAL in July Balance held back as contingency

Integrated ILC-Project X SRF Plan

Project X and HINS • HINS primary goals and deliverables: § § § Demonstrate individual phase and amplitude control of multiple cavities driven by a large RF power source Accelerate beam to 10 Me. V using room temperature technology Accelerate beam above 10 Me. V using SRF technology Evaluate solenoidal focusing Demonstrate high-speed (nanosec) beam chopping at 2. 5 Me. V Goal is to complete facility (@30 Me. V) in 2012 • We expect to make a decision on utilization of HINS as Project X front end in 12 -18 months • § Decision be based on performance/cost comparison of HINS and warm technologies

HINS SRF Accomplishments • Progress § Built two β = 0. 22 325 MHz single spoke cavities & tested them ® ® § § § HINS design requirement is 10 MV/m @ Q 0 > 5 E 8 at 4°K Both exceed design gradient in VTS >30 MV/m has been achieved in one cavity at 2°K One cavity currently being welded into its helium vessel and is destined for the HINS test cryostat 325 Mz RF power source operational High power vector modulators nsec beam chopping at 2. 5 Me. V

HINS 325 MHz Single Spoke Design Parameters Quantity Value Operating temperature 4. 4 K HINS accelerating gradient, Eacc * 10 MV/m Q 0 at accelerating gradient > 0. 5 x 109 Beam pipe, Shell ID 30 mm, 492 mm Lorenz force detuning coefficient 3. 8 Hz/(MV/m)2 (with He vessel) Epeak/Eacc * 2. 56 Bpeak/Eacc * 3. 87 m. T/(MV/m) G 84 Ω R/Q 0 242 Ω Geometrical Beta, βg 0. 21 * Eacc is the total accelerating voltage divided by Leff, where Leff = (2/3) = 135 mm, the distance between the edges of the accelerating gaps at the two endwalls. SSR 1 -02, the 2 nd SSR 1 prototype. Fabricated by Roark.

SSR 1 -02 in VTS (first cool-down) Achieved at 2°K !!! Design Goal � � Q 0. vs. Eacc and x-ray intensity as measured at the top of the VTS

Safety & Reviews (last but not least) • There are many potential hazards associated with SRF § § Cryogenics, high pressures, RF, strong acids, etc Use both formal and informal methods to assure the safe design and operation of equipment and facilities Extends to people doing work at other Labs (JLab, ANL) Internal Progress Reviews (examples) ® • § § • Safety Reviews § § § • Cavity Dressing & CM 2 Readiness Reviews NML building readiness review, etc. Operational Readiness Reviews for facilities: VTS, HTS, CAF Reviews of components: 1. 3 GHz Dressed Cavity & CM 1 Collaborative activities: 3. 9 GHz cryomodule (with DESY) Doing a lot… but doing it safely!

Summary • Fermilab has an active and growing SRF R&D program • Pursuing 4 closely aligned SRF programs (Px, HINS, ILC, SRF) • • § Synergies allow a coordinated and efficient program § Significant list of technical accomplishments Extensive SRF Infrastructure constructed and in operation, additional infrastructure under construction § Supports Project X R&D goals and construction § Supports GDE S 0, S 1, S 2 R&D goals for ILC § Supports U. S. Industrialization of SRF technology Designing, Building, and Testing SRF components § Cavities, cryomodules, EP processing, SRF materials work, etc • We have ambitious plans for FY 09 and beyond • Funds provided by ARRA will have a huge impact.

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SRF Funding Sources • Synergy (by design) § § • e. g. ILC R&D supports Px since they employ similar cavities & CM SRF efforts often share common personnel and infrastructure. SRF at Fermilab including SRF for ILC is managed as an integrated whole § § Allows for rational cost sharing & efficiencies Weekly SRF management meetings means ILC used to fund this prior to FY 08 Omnibus bill