Project of Linear Circuit Analysis Submitted by Minahil

Project of Linear Circuit Analysis Submitted by Minahil Asif (BSC 02153068) Hamza Zahid (BSC 02153080) Submitted to Sir Ahmad Bilal Submission date 05 -1 -2016 1

Water Level Alarm Using 555 Timer Circuit Today I am going to talk about a very useful project that I had taken up. It is called the Water Level Indicator. Nowadays everybody has overhead tank at their homes. But everyone who has a water tank above knows the kind of problems that they face. Firstly there is no system to track the water in the tank. Then there come a secondary problem that is when their water pump is started they have no idea when it gets filled up and sometimes there are situation where the pump keeps on pumping water to the tank and the water starts spilling out from the tank. There is wastage of energy as well as wastage of water 2

Project Components In this project we use; - • Voltage Source of 9 v • Three Resistances 1. 150 ohm 2. 100 ohm 3. 220 ohm • One Capacitor of 100 micro farad • Bread board • 555 timer circuit • Water • buzzer 3

Components 9 volt battery Resistors 150 ohm 100 ohm 220 ohm 4

100 micro farad 555 timer IC Buzzer 5

Bread Board 6

Final Picture 7

Main Points In this project , 1. We use water source to operate speaker as a signal. 2. When the Water level approaches to the maximum level the buzzer automatically on so that we easily decrease the level of water. 3. We made a circuit on a bread board. 4. The main thing which we use is 555 timer circuit : The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. 8

Working • Basically the unit is made up of sensor acting as a switch. Let me explain in a simple way. What happens is when you turn on you water pump, the water starts to get pumped from your underground reservoir or from your underground water supply from the pipes to your water tank. In the tank there is a sensor. Just think it as a switch, as the work of the sensor will be to connect a circuit. So the water starts to get filled in the tank and when the water level in the tank starts to rise up, what happens when it reaches to its top most level, there will be a sound from the unit indicating that the water has filled in the tank and one can be alerted that the tank has been filled up and the water pump has to be switched off saving the electricity bill as well as over flow of water from the tank. 9

Connections • We use bread board as a circuit board. • We connect two resistors such as 150 ohm and 100 ohm in parallel and third resistor of 220 ohm in series. • We place capacitor of 100 micro farad parallel to 100 ohm resistance. • A buzzer is connected with 100 ohm resistance in series which is parallel to capacitance. 10

• 555 timer IC consist of 8 legs. 11

555 timer IC connection • 2 nd leg connect with 6 th leg. • 4 th leg is placed in a tank. • 8 th leg connect with node of 220 ohm resistance connected with it and one wire which is in the tank working as negative terminal connected with it. • 3 rd leg with 220 ohm resistance and 150 ohm resistance. • 6 th leg is connected between 150 ohm resistance and 100 micro farad capacitor. 12

There are Four parts in this project: (i) The Sensor Part It is generally a fixed support inside the tank having some nuts and bolt with wires coming out. (ii) The Circuit Part It comprises the brain of the model, where in all the various inputs from the sensors are fed. It is the unit from where you will get all the information of how much of water is in the tank. (iii) The Power Supply It is the part where in you will be converting the A/C voltage to a regulated voltage of 9 V to the Circuit. (IV) The Buzzer Part It is responsible for bringing up the sound when the water level fills up in the tank. It will also be having a speaker or a buzzer to alert. 13

Circuit Diagram 14

Application of Water level Alarm • • • Over flow problems. To prevent wastage of water. To prevent wastage of energy. Attention And observation. For sustainable use of water and judicious use of electricity. 15

Use of Water Level Alarm • In tanks , boilers to indicate level of liquid inside. • Use in sea transport for check and balance of ship. • Use in houses to check the level of water in water storage. • Main use is to safe water. 16

Thank you for watching 17