Project Management Chapter 3 Slide 1 Power Point

Key Definitions Project management is the process of planning and controlling the development of

CREATING THE WORK PLAN Slide 3 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem

A Workplan Example Work Plan Information Example Name of task Start date Completion date

Identifying Tasks Top-down approach Identify highest level tasks Break them into increasingly smaller units

Top Down Task Identification Phases with high level steps Phases Work Plan Deliverables Estimated

Estimating a Project Based on Industry Information Planning Industry Standard For Web Applications Time

Time Estimation Using a More Complex Approach 8 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom

Estimation Trade-offs Size Function points Lines of code Effort Person-months Time Months 9 Power.

Getting the Right Numbers for Estimation Prior projects Past experience Industry standards Detailed analysis

Function Point Estimation -- Step One Complexity Description Low Medium High Total Inputs __x

Function Points Estimation -- Step Two Scale of 1 to 5 12 Data Communications

Function Point Estimation -- Step 3 Processing Complexity (PC): ____ (From Step 2) Adjusted

Function Points Estimation -- Step Four Adjusted Project Complexity = . 065 + (0.

Converting Function Points to Lines of Code Language LOC/Function Code Point C COBOL JAVA

Your Turn It takes time and effort to produce even rough estimates of the

Estimating Effort Function of size and production rate COCOMO model 17 Power. Point Presentation

COCOMO Estimation Calculation Effort (in Person. Months) = 1. 4 * thousands-oflines-of-code Example: If

Estimating Schedule Time Rule of thumb for estimation Schedule Time (months) = 3. 0

Staffing Attributes Staffing levels will change over a project’s lifetime Adding staff may add

Increasing Complexity with Larger Teams 21 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem

Your Turn How do you know how many people to assign to a project?

Timeboxing Fixed deadline Reduced functionality, if necessary Fewer “finishing touches” 23 Power. Point Presentation

Timeboxing Steps Set delivery date Deadline should not be impossible Should be set by

What Should CD Selections’ Work Plan Include? Work Plan * * Deliverables Estimated hours

Calculate the Function Points Estimate for CD Selections

STAFFING THE PROJECT Slide 27 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems

Key Definitions The staffing plan describes the kinds of people working on the project

Motivation Use monetary rewards cautiously Use intrinsic rewards Recognition Achievement The work itself Responsibility

Conflict Avoidance Strategies Clearly define roles and project plans Hold individuals accountable Project charter

What Should CD Selections’ Staffing Plan Include? Role Description Assigned to

CONTROLLING AND DIRECTING THE PROJECT Slide 32 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom &

The Hurricane Model Time 33 Project Stage Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom &

Margins of Error in Cost and Time Estimates Typical margins of Error for Well-done

Tracking Tasks Using Gantt Chart Action 35 Week 2 3 4 5 6 7

CASE Tools Initiation Analysis Upper CASE Design Implementation Lower CASE Integrated CASE (I-CASE) 36

CASE Components Diagrams Screen Designs CASE Repository Procedural Logic 37 Metadata Power. Point Presentation

Standards Examples Formal rules for naming files Forms indicating goals reached Programming guidelines ±

Documentation Project binder Table of contents Continual updating 39 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis,

Managing Scope creep -- a major cause of development problems JAD and prototyping Formal

Managing Risk assessment Actions to reduce risk Revised assessment 41 Power. Point Presentation for

Classic Mistakes Overly optimistic schedule Failing to monitor schedule Failing to update schedule Adding

Summary Project management is critical to successful development of new systems Project management involves

Expanding the Domain For more detail on project management, visit the project management institute

Slides: 44

Download presentation

Key Definitions Project management is the process of planning and controlling the development of a system within a specified timeframe at a minimum cost with the right functionality. A project manager has the primary responsibility for managing the hundreds of tasks and roles that need to be carefully coordinated. 2 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Workplan Example Work Plan Information Example Name of task Start date Completion date Person assigned Deliverable(s) Completion status Priority Resources needed Estimated time Actual time Perform economic feasibility Jan 05, 2001 Jan 19, 2001 Mary Smith, sponsor Cost-benefit analysis Open High Spreadsheet 16 hours 14. 5 hours 4 ` Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Identifying Tasks Top-down approach Identify highest level tasks Break them into increasingly smaller units Methodology Using standard list of tasks 5 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Top Down Task Identification Phases with high level steps Phases Work Plan Deliverables Estimated hours Actual hours Assigned To * * 6 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimating a Project Based on Industry Information Planning Industry Standard For Web Applications Time Required in Person Months 7 15% 4 Analysis Design 20% 35% 5. 33 9. 33 Implementation 30% 8 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimation Trade-offs Size Function points Lines of code Effort Person-months Time Months 9 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Getting the Right Numbers for Estimation Prior projects Past experience Industry standards Detailed analysis 10 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Function Point Estimation -- Step One Complexity Description Low Medium High Total Inputs __x 3 __x 4 __x 6 ____ Outputs __x 4 __x 5 __x 7 ____ Queries __x 3 __x 4 __x 6 ____ Files __x 7 __x 10 __x 15 ____ Program Interfaces __x 5 __x 7 __x 10 ____ TOTAL UNADJUSTED FUNCTION POINTS 11 ____ Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Function Points Estimation -- Step Two Scale of 1 to 5 12 Data Communications Heavy Use Configuration Transaction Rate End-User efficiency Complex Processing Installation Ease Multiple sites Performance Distributed functions On-line data entry On-line update Reusability Operational Ease Extensibility _____ _____ _____ _____ Project Complexity (PC) _____ Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Function Point Estimation -- Step 3 Processing Complexity (PC): ____ (From Step 2) Adjusted Processing Complexity (PCA) = 0. 65 + (0. 001 * ____ ) Total Adjusted Function Points: _____ * ____ = (TUFP -- From Step 1) 13 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Function Points Estimation -- Step Four Adjusted Project Complexity = . 065 + (0. 01 * Project Complexity) Total Adjusted Function Points = Adjusted Project Complexity * TUFP 14 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Converting Function Points to Lines of Code Language LOC/Function Code Point C COBOL JAVA C++ Turbo Pascal Visual Basic Power. Builder HTML Packages (e. g. , Access, Excel) 130 110 55 50 50 30 15 15 10 -40 Source: Capers Jones, Software Productivity Research 15 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Your Turn It takes time and effort to produce even rough estimates of the function points for a given project What would you need to make it worthwhile? 16 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimating Effort Function of size and production rate COCOMO model 17 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

COCOMO Estimation Calculation Effort (in Person. Months) = 1. 4 * thousands-oflines-of-code Example: If LOC = 2000 Then. . . Effort = (1. 4 * 2000) = 18 28 Person Months Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimating Schedule Time Rule of thumb for estimation Schedule Time (months) = 3. 0 * person-months 1/3 19 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Staffing Attributes Staffing levels will change over a project’s lifetime Adding staff may add more overhead than additional labor Using teams of 8 -10 reporting in a hierarchical structure can reduce complexity 20 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Your Turn How do you know how many people to assign to a project? How do you know what special skills will be needed for completion of the project? 22 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Timeboxing Fixed deadline Reduced functionality, if necessary Fewer “finishing touches” 23 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Timeboxing Steps Set delivery date Deadline should not be impossible Should be set by development group Prioritize features by importance Build the system core Postpone unfinished functionality Deliver the system with core functionality Repeat steps 3 -5 to add refinements and enhancements 24 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

What Should CD Selections’ Work Plan Include? Work Plan * * Deliverables Estimated hours Actual hours Assigned to

Calculate the Function Points Estimate for CD Selections

Key Definitions The staffing plan describes the kinds of people working on the project The project charter describes the project’s objectives and rules A functional lead manages a group of analysts A technical lead oversees progress of programmers and technical staff members 28 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Motivation Use monetary rewards cautiously Use intrinsic rewards Recognition Achievement The work itself Responsibility Advancement Chance to learn new skills 29 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Conflict Avoidance Strategies Clearly define roles and project plans Hold individuals accountable Project charter listing norms and groundrules Develop schedule commitments ahead of time Forecast other priorities and their possible impact on the project 30 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

What Should CD Selections’ Staffing Plan Include? Role Description Assigned to

Margins of Error in Cost and Time Estimates Typical margins of Error for Well-done Estimates Phase Deliverable Planning System Request Project Plan Cost (%) 400 time (%) 60 100 25 Analysis System Proposal 50 15 Design System Specification 25 10 Source: Boehm et al. (1995) 34 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tracking Tasks Using Gantt Chart Action 35 Week 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

CASE Tools Initiation Analysis Upper CASE Design Implementation Lower CASE Integrated CASE (I-CASE) 36 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

CASE Components Diagrams Screen Designs CASE Repository Procedural Logic 37 Metadata Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Standards Examples Formal rules for naming files Forms indicating goals reached Programming guidelines ± 38 Can you think of more examples? Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Documentation Project binder Table of contents Continual updating 39 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Managing Scope creep -- a major cause of development problems JAD and prototyping Formal change approval Charging for changes 40 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Managing Risk assessment Actions to reduce risk Revised assessment 41 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Classic Mistakes Overly optimistic schedule Failing to monitor schedule Failing to update schedule Adding people to a late project 42 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary Project management is critical to successful development of new systems Project management involves planning, controlling and reporting on time, labor, and costs. 43 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Expanding the Domain For more detail on project management, visit the project management institute and its special interest group on information systems: www. pmi. org www. pmi-issig. org 44 Power. Point Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.