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Engineering Graphics- Basics Engineering 108. com

Overview of an Engineering Drawing Engineering 108. com

GRAPHICS LANGUAGE Engineering 108. com

Effectiveness of Graphics Language 1. Try to write a description of this object. 2. Test your written description by having someone attempt to make a sketch from your description. You can easily understand that … The word languages are inadequate for describing the size, shape and features completely as well as concisely. Engineering 108. com

DRAWINGS ( A Graphical Representation) The Fact about: If compared with Verbal or Written Description, Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time. Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields. Engineering 108. com

Composition of Graphic Language Graphic language in “engineering application” use lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours of objects. The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting”. A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or computer methods. Engineering 108. com

Freehand drawing The lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils and erasers. Example Engineering 108. com

Instrument drawing Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are usually made to scale. Example Engineering 108. com

Computer drawing The drawings are usually made by commercial software such as Auto. CAD, solid works etc. Example Engineering 108. com

Engineering Drawing Engineering 108. com

Elements of Engineering Drawing Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word language. Graphics language Describe a shape (mainly). Word language Describe size, location and specification of the object. Engineering 108. com

Basic Knowledge for Drafting Word language Graphics language Line types Projection method Geometric construction Engineering 108. com Lettering

Drawing Standard Engineering 108. com

Standards are set of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented. Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey the same meaning to everyone who reads them. Engineering 108. com

Standard Code Full name Country Code USA ANSI American National Standard Institute Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard UK BS British Standard Australia AS Australian Standard Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung ISO International Standards Organization Engineering 108. com

Drawing Sheet Trimmed paper of a size A 0 ~ A 4. Standard sheet size (JIS) A 4 A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0 210 x 297 x 420 x 594 x 841 x 1189 (Dimensions in millimeters) A 4 A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0 Engineering 108. com

Drawing Scales Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE” followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow SCALE 1: 1 for full size SCALE X: 1 for enlargement scales SCALE 1: X for reduction scales Engineering 108. com

Basic Line Types of Lines Appearance Name according to application Continuous thick line Visible line Continuous thin line Dimension line Extension line Leader line Dash thick line Hidden line Chain thin line Center line NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters. Engineering 108. com

Meaning of Lines Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the current view Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in the current view Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and location of features on a drawing Engineering 108. com

Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing Engineering 108. com

Traditional Drawing Tools Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS 1. T-Square 2. Triangles Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS 2 H or HB for thick line 4 H for thin line 3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS 5. Sandpaper 6. Compass Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS 7. Pencil Eraser 8. Erasing Shield Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS 9. Circle Template 10. Tissue paper Engineering 108. com

DRAWING TOOLS 11. Sharpener 12. Clean paper Engineering 108. com

Lettering Engineering 108. com

Text on Drawings Text on engineering drawing is used : To communicate nongraphic information. As a substitute for graphic information, in those instance where text can communicate the needed information more clearly and quickly. Thus, it must be written with Legibility - shape - space between letters and words Uniformity - size - line thickness Engineering 108. com

Example Placement of the text on drawing Dimension & Notes Engineering 108. com Title Block

Lettering Standard ANSI Standard This course Use a Gothic text style, Use only a vertical Gothic either inclined or vertical. text style. Use all capital letters. Use both capital and lower-case letters. Use 3 mm for most Same. For letters in title text height. block it is recommend to use 5~8 mm text height Space between lines N/A. of text is at least 1/3 Follows ANSI rule. of text height. Engineering 108. com

Stroke Sequence I L E H T Engineering 108. com F

Stroke Sequence V X W Engineering 108. com

N Y Stroke Sequence Z M K A 4 Engineering 108. com

Stroke Sequence O Q C Engineering 108. com G

D R Stroke Sequence U P B J 1 Engineering 108. com 2

Stroke Sequence 5 7 Engineering 108. com

Stroke Sequence S 0 8 9 3 Engineering 108. com 6

Stroke Sequence l i Engineering 108. com

Stroke Sequence w x v z Engineering 108. com k

Stroke Sequence y f j r Engineering 108. com t

Stroke Sequence o a c b d e p q Engineering 108. com

Stroke Sequence n m g u s Engineering 108. com h

Example : Good and Poor Lettering GOOD Not uniform in style. Not uniform in height. Not uniformly vertical or inclined. Not uniform in thickness of stroke. Area between letters not uniform. Area between words not uniform. Engineering 108. com

Sentence Composition Leave the space between words equal to the space requires for writing a letter “O”. Example ALL ODIMENSIONS OARE OIN MILLIMETERS OUNLESS OTHERWISE O SPECIFIED. Engineering 108. com

Large Circle 1. Place the little finger (or pencil’ s tip) at the center as a pivot, and set the pencil point at the radius-distance from the center. 2. Hold the hand in this position and rotate the paper. Engineering 108. com

♣ The following figures illustrates the Aligned system of dimensioning: Engineering 108. com

Engineering 108. com

QUADRANT THEORY Engineering 108. com

2 nd Quad. VP Y 1 ST Quad. Observer HP X Y X 3 rd Quad. THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE, IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY. Engineering 108. com 4 th Quad.

♣ How to fold the A 2 size drawing sheets for assignment work? ♥ Mark 190 mm from the right edge of the drawing sheet. Mark 186 mm from the previous mark. Mark 20 mm from the left edge of the drawing sheet. Mark 297 mm from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet on the reverse side. Coincide the first fold with third fold to get second fold. Coincide third fold with the border line which is 20 mm to the right of left edge of drawing sheet to get fourth fold. Fifth and sixth folds are back folds. All larger size drawing sheets i. e. A 0, A 1, A 2 and A 3 are folded to A 4 size sheet. ♥ ♥ ♥ Engineering 108. com

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Thank You For more tutorials on engineering subjects visit is at engineering 108. com Engineering 108. com