PROGRESSIVISM Ch 28 29 Political Progressivism Initiative Referendum

PROGRESSIVISM Ch. 28 -29

Political Progressivism Initiative Referendum Recall Australian ballot 17 th Amendment (1913)

1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire • • Code violations in the Asch bldg 146 of 500 workers killed Mostly young immigrant workers (some as young as 14!)s – Burnt to death; jumped to deaths from 8 -9 th floors *Tragedy led to stronger regulations –

Progressive Women • • • Suffrage Settlement houses Middle-class women very active

Why did women lead reform? What conditions need correcting? Women’s Club discussed temperance & child labor rather than books and art National Association of Colored Women (NACW) Split over 14 th and 15 th amendments Susan B. Anthony: “sooner cut off my right hand than ask for the ballot for the black man and not for women. ” 1869, Anthony and Cady Stanton found NWSA 1890 merge w/others to become NAWSA

Teddy’s “Square Deal” & the three C’s 1. Control of Corporations 2. consumer protection 3. conservationism

Teddy’s Square Deal • Roosevelt believed a president must “do anything” a country needed, as long as it was legal Speaker Joe Cannon complained Roosevelt had “no more use for the Constitution than a tomcat has for a marriage license. ”

Teddy & Jackson? Teddy & Lincoln? Teddy & Mc. Kinley? Though Jackson had fought a plutocracy, too, Teddy couldn’t swallow the Democratic icon. . . but he had it out for concentrated power. . . bet he would have hated Biddle, too! Like Lincoln his “square deal” was for “plain people. ” 1901 Teddy showed he was no Mckinley! He wrote Congress that the Constitution had not foreseen corporate monopolies & since the trade crossed state lines it was the federal govt’s duty to oversee these monopolies especially the railroads!

1902 Northern Securities Company The gov’t SUED NORTHERN SECURITES COMPANY! Owned by J. P. Morgan (world’s most powerful capitalist) Controlled all U. S. train traffic from Chicago to the NW

1902 Northern Securities trust busting Fighting J. P. Morgan would please the masses but anger the Republican party Morgan had to buy up vast pieces of his stock to save the company Like Adams and Andrew Jackson, Teddy was taking a large risk by challenging the citadels of power

1902 Coal Strike It was a cold winter! Hospitals freezing, children shivering in their beds, 100, 000 Pa. coal miners striking.

1902 Coal Strike Roosevelt invited John Mitchell of United Mine Workers and the Coal Mine owners to a meeting “Chuck them out the window” If you don’t find a solution, I’ll send in federal troops (to help labor!)

Railroad Octopus 1887 Interstate Commerce Commission inadequate Elkins Act 1903 no rebates! Hepburn Act 1906 no free passes Gave ICC teeth

Busting Trusts: Good v. Bad Teddy didn’t consider it good economic policy to bust ALL trusts “big” doesn’t equal “bad” His intent symbolically prove Gov’t not big business - ran the country http: //www. theodore-roosevelt. com/trr 26. html

Conservation Gifford Pinchot- head of federal Division of Forestry John Muir Newlands Act of 1902 Sierra Club Boys Scouts Jack London’s Call of the Wild

Election of 1904 Teddy easily wins Election Year bonus! Supreme Court ruled 5 - 4 against Northern Securities Irritated that his own appointee, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, had opposed the decision, Roosevelt said, “he could carve a judge with more backbone than that from a banana. ” Now the Big Moneyed Rich Will Fear Him!

Last Term He said he wasn’t running for a third term. . . Panic of 1907 Alrich-Vreeland Act authorized nat’l banks to issue emergency currency. . . sets the way for the future Federal Reserve Bank 1908 Election TR goes to Africa to hunt big game

1908 Election Before Teddy Left: 1. Enlarged power of presidency 2. shaped progressive mov’t 3. Square Deal led to New Deal of FDR http: //www. theodoreroosevelt. com/trm 78. html

Election of 1908 Republican Taft William Jennings Bryan Democrat Eugene V. Debs Socialist

Taft as president Taft was more of the Trustbuster Poor job of judging public opinion - not the showmaster that Teddy was.

Taft as a Trustbuster 1911 the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Rule of Reason: those combinations that “unreasonably” restrained trade were illegal. allowed the gov’t to pick which cases to enforce and which to ignore Taft decided to pursue antitrust suit against U. S. Steel Corp UH OHHHH(one of Teddy’s “good” trusts)

Taft Further Splits the Republican Party • Wanted to lower the tariff but Sen. Aldrich added all types of revisions • Taft signed the Payne. Aldrich bill betraying his campaign promises • Conservation: Pinchot. Ballinger issue

Teddy is Mad! BIG BUSINESS REQUIRES BIG GOV’T Teddy Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” urged the nat’l gov’t to increase its power to remedy economic and social abuses

THE ELECTION OF 1912 THE ISSUES

GOP DIVIDED BY Bull Moose Party = Democratic

Democratic Party took control of Senate for the first time in 20 years