Progressive Presidents Chapter 6 Sections 2 3 Theodore

Progressive Presidents Chapter 6, Sections 2 & 3

Theodore Roosevelt 1. Theodore Roosevelt became Governor of New York after previously working in lower offices and becoming famous as a war hero. He was pushed out of office by fellow Republicans because he was too progressive, and became Vice-President.

Theodore Roosevelt 2. How did Roosevelt become President? • -Mark Hanna (Repub. Party Chairman) didn’t want Roosevelt on the ticket with Mc. Kinley because he thought it was too dangerous, but TR accepted. • -Mc. Kinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz (an Anarchist) at the Pan American exposition in September 1901. • -Roosevelt was sworn in eight days later as President, and he became the youngest President in history (at age 42) when he took office.

Theodore Roosevelt 3. Roosevelt called the Presidency a Bully Pulpit when he took office, and he meant to use the position to speak out on issues that were in need of fixing. He was the most active President since Lincoln.

The Trustbuster 4. How did Roosevelt get the nickname the “Trustbuster”? • -TR didn’t hate big business, but he wanted them to act responsibly. • -He sued the Northern Securities RR Company, a monopoly. He won in 1904. • -Encouraged by this, he sued 44 other trusts and monopolies that were “bad”.

Roosevelt and Labor 5. How did Roosevelt help address labor issues while President? • -The 1902 coal miners’ strike (United Mine Workers) crippled the economy. • -Other Presidents would have used the army to break the strike and crush the union.

Roosevelt and Labor 5. How did Roosevelt help address labor issues while President? • -Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines from the companies, and ordered both sides to accept arbitration. • -Each side got a little of what it wanted, and Roosevelt became known as a fair man.

The Square Deal 6. Roosevelt ran for reelection to the Presidency in 1904 on the Square Deal, his platform which addressed issues like labor reform, consumer health and limiting the power of trusts.

TR the Railroad Regulator 7. What were the two acts that regulated railroads passed by Roosevelt? 1. Elkins Act – prohibited abuses with rebates (kickbacks paid to business from RR’s) 2. Hepburn Act – authorized the ICC to set rates for RR shipping, to be more fair.

Consumer Health 8. What was the problem with nearly all of the food and medicine produced in the US? -There were no rules on what could be put in food and drugs, and most were adulterated = meaning they were not pure. • -Some drugs were purely flavored cocaine, morphine or alcohol, and were bad for you. • -There were no rules on advertising or no law forcing companies to list ingredients. •

Consumer Health 9. Upton Sinclair wrote a novel called The Jungle, in 1905, to bring attention to the abuses in the meat packing industry in Chicago. The novel made Roosevelt spring into action to fix the problems.

Consumer Health 10. What were the two new consumer protection laws passed by Roosevelt? • 1. The Pure Food and Drug Act – ingredient labels now mandatory. • 2. Meat Inspection Act – required govt. inspection of meat shipped across state lines.

TR and the Environment 11. What were some problems with the environment at the turn of the century? • -Lumber companies were cutting down entire forests and not replanting. • -Fires were out of control, ranchers were grazing cattle wherever they wished. • -Almost no land was protected, and most of it was ruined due to mismanagement.

TR and the Environment 12. Gifford Pinchot was a strong conservationist and was appointed Chief Forester by Roosevelt. He coined the term “conservation” to describe management of resources.

TR and the Environment 13. What were three ways Roosevelt helped protect the environment? • Set aside nearly 150 million acres as National Forests. • Wrote and funded the Newlands Reclamation Act, which repaired damaged lands.

TR and the Environment 13. What were three ways Roosevelt helped protect the environment? • Doubled the number of National parks, created 51 wildlife sanctuaries.

TR and the Environment 14. Eventually, the National Park Service was created to manage these areas that were protected by the government. It manages 380 cultural, natural and historical sites today.

William Howard Taft 15. Republican candidate William Howard Taft became the next President after Roosevelt, and he promised to be a strong reformer and progressive like Roosevelt.

William Howard Taft 16. Describe Taft’s Presidency. • -Taft was quiet and didn’t like attention like Roosevelt did. • -He was more of a “trustbuster” than Roosevelt, suing 90 companies for anti-trust laws. • -He sponsored the Mann-Elkins Act, which gave the ICC power over telephone comps.

William Howard Taft 16. Describe Taft’s Presidency. • -He added land to the park service and reformed Child Labor and Mine-safety laws. • -Taft created the Department of Labor, and got the 16 th Amendment (income tax) passed.

William Howard Taft 17. What were failures of Taft’s Presidency? • -He got outmaneuvered on the Tariff Issue (he wanted them low, they went up instead). • -He fired Pinchot and this angered Roosevelt. • -He was too cautious, reluctant to do all that he could, and moved too slowly on issues.

Return of the (political) Jedi 18. Roosevelt returned to politics in 1910 with a plan called New Nationalism. It was a series of tough laws to protect workers, ensure public health and regulate business. Roosevelt soon split with Taft over his Progressive ideas.

Woodrow Wilson 19. Describe Woodrow Wilson’s background before he became President. • -He was born in Virginia, son of ex-slaveowners. Raised a Democrat. • -Wilson taught government (political science) at Princeton, later became Univ. President. • -Elected Governor of New Jersey, very Progressive and fought big business.

Woodrow Wilson 21. New Freedom was the name of Woodrow Wilson’s platform, and it featured tariff reduction, banking reform, help for small businesses and farmers, and a minimum wage.

The Election of 1912 20. Complete the chart below concerning the Presidential election of 1912. 1. William Howard Taft 1. Republican; more conservative, somewhat pro-business. 2. Teddy Roosevelt 2. Progressive “Bull Moose Party”, New Nationalism.

The Election of 1912 20. Complete the chart below concerning the Presidential election of 1912. • 3. Woodrow Wilson 3. Democrat; New Freedom, very progressive. • 4. Eugene Debs 4. Socialist; Government owns and controls all industry.

Woodrow Wilson’s Achievments 22. What were six accomplishments of Wilson’s Presidency? • Got the Underwood Tariff passed, which was the lowest tariff in 50 years. • Created the Federal Reserve Board, “Bankers’ Banks”, offered low interest rates. • Passed the Clayton Anti. Trust Act, which made laws against monopolies stronger.

Woodrow Wilson’s Achievements 22. What were six accomplishments of Wilson’s Presidency? • Created the Federal Trade Commission, to investigate corporations. • The Adamson Act gave railroad workers shorter days, better pay. • Keating-Owens Child Labor Act was effective, but ruled unconstitutional by S. C.

The legacy of Progressivism 23. What was the legacy of Progressivism? • -Some historians believed that progressivism was basically racist, or at least somewhat nativist. This is partially true. All three Presidents were racist at times. • -Others see it as proof that the government can change and be flexible, and that Democracy can adapt itself to solve problems in society. • -Things certainly improved for workers, children, women, the environment and consumers.

The legacy of Progressivism

The End!