Progressive Era Changes MUNICIPAL STATE REFORMS MUNICIPAL REFORM

Progressive Era Changes: MUNICIPAL & STATE REFORMS

MUNICIPAL REFORM • municipal reform • utilities - water, gas, electricity, trolleys • council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913) Shoe line Bowery men with gifts from ward boss Tim Sullivan, February, 1910

MUNICIPAL REFORM strong mayor system COUNCIL MEMBER MAYOR COUNCIL MEMBER council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913) COUNCIL MEMBER CITY MANAGE R CITY SERVICES COUNCIL MEMBER CITY SERVICE S

STATE POLITICAL REFORM • secret ballots • direct primary • Seventeenth Amendment (1913) o initiative o referendum o recall Robert M. La. Follette, Wisconsin Governor 1900 -06

STATE POLITICAL REFORM Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876 -1920

STATE SOCIAL REFORMS • professional social workers • settlement houses - education, culture, day care • child labor laws o Enable education & advancement for working class children

STATE SOCIAL REFORMS • workplace & labor reforms o eight-hour work day o improved safety & health conditions in factories o workers compensation laws o minimum wage laws o unionization o child labor laws Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1913

Child Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana. 1908 “Breaker Boys” Pennsylvania, 1911 State Social Reform: Child Laborer, Newberry, S. C. 1908 Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss. , March 3, 1911

Settlement Houses • Settlement Houses • Hull-House – Jane Addams (1905) Hull-House Complex in 1906

TEMPERANCE • Temperance Crusade • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) • Anti-Saloon League Frances Willard (1838 -98), leader of the WCTU Anti-Saloon League Campaign, Dayton

TEMPERANCE & PROHIBITION • Eighteenth Amendment Prohibition on the Eve of the 18 th Amendment, 1919

SOCIALISM ALTERNATIVES

SOCIALISM • Socialist Party • Eugene V. Debs • Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or “Wobblies”) Socialists parade, May Day, 1910 Eugene V. Debs

Who helped make these changes? “Fighting Bob”

Robert M. La. Follette’s • Born in Primrose, WI (1855) • U. W. Law School (1880) • House of Representatives (1885 -1891) • Governor of WI (1901 -1905) • U. S. Senator (1905 -1925) • Presidential Candidate (1924)

Robert La. Follette’s – “Wisconsin Idea” PROGRESSIVE REFORMS

Progressive Reforms • Graduated Income Tax – 16 th Amendment 1913 2005 Taxable Income $3, 000 -20, 000 $20, 000 -50, 000 $50, 000 -75, 000 $75, 000 -100, 000 $100, 000 -250, 000 $250, 000 -500, 000 $500, 000+ Rate 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% Taxable Income Rate $0 -10, 000 10% $10, 000 -35, 050 15% $35, 051 -98, 250 20% $98, 251 -159, 100 28% $159, 101 -311, 950 30% $311, 950+ 35%

Progressive Reforms • Workers Compensation

Progressive Reforms • Government control of Railroads

Progressive Reforms • Money for Education

Progressive Reforms • Civil Service Reform

Wisconsin Idea – Voting Reform

Direct Primary – Election open to all voters in a political party

Initiative – Lets voters introduce a law.

Referendum – People vote for or against a proposed law

Recall – Gives citizens the chance to remove elected officials

Legacy of La. Follette • Opposed US entry into World War I

Legacy of La. Follette • Opposed US entry into World War I • Third Party Candidate in the 1924 Presidential Election

Legacy of La. Follette • Opposed US entry into World War I • Third Party Candidate in the 1924 Presidential Election • Made Wisconsin a leader in social and political reform