Progressive Era 1890 s1910 s Definition Progressivism Optimistic

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Progressive Era 1890 s-1910 s

Progressive Era 1890 s-1910 s

• Definition: Progressivism – Optimistic social reform movement seen around the turn of

• Definition: Progressivism – Optimistic social reform movement seen around the turn of the century which waged a war on “natural laws” • Impulses: – Anti-Monopoly • Dispersion of Wealth – Social Cohesion • Individual welfare dependant on welfare of society as a whole – Organization and Efficiency • Push for organized and rational order to society – Enlightened Public Opinion • If people are unaware of a problem, it cannot be fixed

Muckrakers • Journalists who direct public attention towards social injustices • Examples: – Urban

Muckrakers • Journalists who direct public attention towards social injustices • Examples: – Urban Housing and Poverty • Jacob Riis – Labor and Food • Upton Sinclair – Corruption in Politics • Lincoln Steffens – Political Machines • Thomas Nast – Dangers of Big Business • Ida Tarbell

Areas of Concern • Urban Housing and Poverty • Labor • Women • Government

Areas of Concern • Urban Housing and Poverty • Labor • Women • Government • African Americans • Big Business

Urban Housing and Poverty • Settlement Houses – Hull House in Chicago • Jane

Urban Housing and Poverty • Settlement Houses – Hull House in Chicago • Jane Adams • Salvation Army – Religious based charity – Become more popular in 1900 s • YMCA – Promoted Christianity through athletics

Labor • Rise of middle class professionals – Medicine – Science - Legal -

Labor • Rise of middle class professionals – Medicine – Science - Legal - Commercial Services -Education - Engineering • Professional Organizations – Push out illegitimate practitioners and businesses • American Medical Association • Legal Bar Associations • Business Administration Organizations

Labor • Beginnings of Labor Laws – Limits on Working Hours • Many states

Labor • Beginnings of Labor Laws – Limits on Working Hours • Many states passed “ 8 Hour” laws – Increasing Child Labor Laws • Banned in 75% of US by 1912 • Keating Owen Act of 1916 – National ban on child labor – Later declared unconstitutional – Improved Safety Regulations • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory (1911) – 146 Dead – Led to fight for better conditions • Workers Compensation – 46 States by 1921

Women • Labor – Most employed women work in Factories – Professional jobs on

Women • Labor – Most employed women work in Factories – Professional jobs on the rise (90% Education) • Lifestyle – Less Children, More Schooling • Increase in women's colleges – 10% never marry • “Boston Marriages – Rising Divorce Rates

Women • Suffrage – Counter Idea of “Separate Spheres” – N. A. W. S.

Women • Suffrage – Counter Idea of “Separate Spheres” – N. A. W. S. A. • National American Women’s Suffrage Association • 1917 – 2 million Members • Carrie Chapman Catt – 19 th Amendment • Western States begin allowing women to vote • 1920 - Ratified into Constitution

Women • Temperance and Prohibition – W. C. T. U. (1873) • Women’s Christian

Women • Temperance and Prohibition – W. C. T. U. (1873) • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • 250, 000 members • Join Anti Saloon League in 1893 – 18 th Amendment • Volstead Act

Carrie Nation • • 6’ 0” 175 pounds Kentucky LB/RB "a bulldog running along

Carrie Nation • • 6’ 0” 175 pounds Kentucky LB/RB "a bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't like"

Government – Expanding Democracy • National – Primaries • People choose presidential candidates -

Government – Expanding Democracy • National – Primaries • People choose presidential candidates - not Party Bosses – 17 th Amendment - 1913 • Citizens now elect Senators • State – Initiatives • Laws proposed by the people – Referendums • People Vote on Laws – Recalls • Elected officials can be removed

Government - Local • Focus on reform at the grassroots level – Attack on

Government - Local • Focus on reform at the grassroots level – Attack on Party politics • Secret Ballots • Gradual reduction of “machine” control • Municipal (Local) Reform – Commissioners and City Managers • Non Partisan officials • Commissioners – Elected by people • City Managers – Hired by elected officials *Weakens Political Machines

Government • Robert La Follette – (a. k. a. Fighting Bob) – Wisconsin Congressman

Government • Robert La Follette – (a. k. a. Fighting Bob) – Wisconsin Congressman – Governor – Senator – Presidential Candidate • Progressive Party – Anti-RR, Anti-Trust, Anti-Pol. Machine

African Americans • Renewal of Civil Rights movements • W. E. B. Du Bois

African Americans • Renewal of Civil Rights movements • W. E. B. Du Bois – Rejected Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise” – Encouraged Higher Education – Called for Immediate Progress – Niagara Movement • NAACP • Ida B. Wells – Anti Lynching Laws • Attempts to pass laws are Filibustered

Big Business • Anti Monopoly Movement – “Trust Busting” Era • Roosevelt and Taft

Big Business • Anti Monopoly Movement – “Trust Busting” Era • Roosevelt and Taft • Rise of Socialism – 1900 -1917 – I. W. W. • International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”) – Call for all laborers to unite into one labor union • Eugene Debs – Co-Founder – Movement Loses support when socialists refuse to support WWI

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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890 1920 THE PROGRESSIVE ERATHE PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890 1920 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
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The Progressive Era Progressivism Progressivism movement that believedThe Progressive Era Progressivism Progressivism movement that believed
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Chapter 13 The Progressive Era 1890 1920 PROGRESSIVISMChapter 13 The Progressive Era 1890 1920 PROGRESSIVISM
Progressive Era 1890 1920 Define Progressivism Reform movementProgressive Era 1890 1920 Define Progressivism Reform movement
The Progressive Era 1890 1920 Time period 1890The Progressive Era 1890 1920 Time period 1890
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The Progressive Movement 1890 1919 The Progressive EraThe Progressive Movement 1890 1919 The Progressive Era
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Progressive Era 1890 1920 Impact of Progressive ReformsProgressive Era 1890 1920 Impact of Progressive Reforms
The Rise of Progressivism 1890 1914 Progressivism ImmigrationThe Rise of Progressivism 1890 1914 Progressivism Immigration
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