Programming Application Overview of Structure Programming 1 C

Programming Application Overview of Structure Programming 1

C Program Preprocessor Directive #include <stdio. h> Function header int main ( ) { printf(“ Hello”); return (0); Function body } 2

Standard Data Types in C o Integral Types n n o Floating Types n n o represent whole numbers and their negatives declared as int, short, or long represent real numbers with a decimal point declared as float, or double Character Types n n represent single characters declared as char 3

Place Holders %d for an int %c for a char %f for a float int age = 8; double height = 1. 13; printf(“ Age is %d and height is %f “, age , height ) ; 4

Examples o Write a program to ask the user for the width and length of a piece of land then tell him how many orange trees he can grow on it. Given that each orange tree requires 4 m 2. 5

Some Math functions ( pages 98, 619 ) 6

Math in C complex math example-2 Write a program to get the third side of a triangle (a), given the lengths of the other two sides (b, and c), and the angle using the formula a 2 = b 2 + c 2 – 2 bc cos a b c rad_angle = alpha * PI / 180; a = sqrt(pow(b, 2) + pow(c, 2) – 2 * b * cos(rad_angle);

Write a program that reads the value of x and calculates the values of y and z using the following formulas: ,

Control Structures use logical expressions which may include: 6 Relational Operators < <= > >= == 3 Logical Operators ! && || !=

Operator ! *, / , % +, < <= > >= == != && || = Meaning Associativity NOT Multiplication, Division, Modulus Addition, Subtraction Less than or equal to Greater than or equal to Is not equal to AND OR Assignment Right Left Left Left

Use of blocks recommended if ( Expression ) { “if clause” } else { } “else clause” 11

Trace int p, d=4, a=20; if ((d==4) && (a>24)) { p=d+a; printf(“ Low Risk n”); } else { p=a-d; printf(“ Low Risk n”); } printf(“ the p is = %d”, p);

The value that printed is int delta = 0, x = 3; if (x / 2 = = 1) delta = delta + x; x - -; if (x / 2 = = 0) delta = delta + x; x - -;

What is value of x when y is 15. 0? x = 25. 0; if (y != (x-10. 0) ) x=x-10. 0; else x=x / 2. 0;

What is the value of variable z after the following code is executed? int w = 5, x = 7, y = 9, z = 1; if (x % y > = 2 + w) { z+ +; if (y – 3 * w > = - x) z - -; else z + +; } else { z = - 1; }

What is the value is assigned to x when y is 15. 0? if (y < 15. 0) if (y>= 0. 0) x=5*y; else x = 2*y; else x= 3 * y; o

If--Else for a mail order Write a program to calculate the total price of a certain purchase. There is a discount and shipping cost: =The discount rate is 25% and the shipping is 10. 00 if purchase is over 100. =Otherwise, The discount rate is 15% and the shipping is 5. 00 pounds. 17

Write a C program using functions to ask the user to enter two real numbers and read them. Then, your program will display the following menu: Select an operation: 1. Addition 2. Multiplication 3. Power The user will select the operation by entering a number from 1 to 3. After that your program will display the entered numbers with the performed operation using functions and the result up. If the selected operation is invalid, display “Invalid operation”.

Example The Air Force has asked you to write a program to label aircrafts as military or civilian. Your program input is the plane’s speed and its estimated length. For planes traveling faster than 1100 km/hr, you will label those shorter than 52 m “military”, and longer as “Civilian”. For planes traveling less than 1100, you will issue an “aircraft unknown” statement. 19

Find the output For x=15, y=-5, z=2, p =3 and m=10, find the output of the following if (x > 10) z= z*m; if ( y< 0) p = p *5; printf(“%d%d”, z, p); if (x > 10) z= z*m; else if ( y< 0) p = p *5; printf(“%d%d”, z, p);

o Write a program that reads a number in range 0 -100 and print ‘F’ if the number is less than 50, ‘P’ if the number is in the range 50 -59, and ‘S’ if the number is greater than 65.

o Write a complete C program that asks a person for the number of hours he worked in a week and then print out his salary. Given that a person who worked 40 hours or less gets $5 per hour and a person who worked more than 40 hours gets $7 per hour for over 40 hours? 22

A factory has some workers and it divides its workers into three skill levels. Unskilled workers receive L. E. 8. 15 per hour, semiskilled workers receive L. E. 12. 55 an hour, and skilled workers L. E. 18. 60 an hour. Write a program to calculate the worker’s weekly pay formatted to two decimal places. Your program input should consist of the hours worked and a skill level indicator for the worker. Then the wage should be displayed.

Example int bright ; printf(“Enter the bulb brightness: “); scanf(“%d”, &bright); switch ( bright ) { case 25 : printf(“ Expected Lifetime is 2500 hours”); break; case 40 : case 60 : printf ( “Expected Lifetime is 1000 hours “); break; case 75 : case 100 : printf(“Expected Lifetime is 750 hours “); break; default : printf(“Wrong Input “); } 24

o o o o o int z; z = 10 + 8 / 3 * 2 + 10 % 3; switch (z) { case 23 : printf(“ Very High”); break; case 21 : printf(“ High “); break; case 18 : printf(“ Med “); break; case 15 : printf(“ Low “); break; case 10 : printf(“ Very Low “); break; default : printf(“ None “); break; }

Find the output int x= 5, y= 2; char op = ‘*’; switch (op) { case ‘+’ : x = x+y; case ‘-‘ : x=x- y; break; case ‘*’ : x= x * y ; case ‘/’ : x = x / y; break; default : x =x + 1; break; } printf(“ %d % d”, x , y);

For Loop SYNTAX for ( initialization ; test expression ; update ) { 0 or more statements to repeat } 27

Example of Repetition int num; for ( num = 1 ; num <= 3 ; num++ ) { printf( “ % d Potato n ” , num ); } 28

o o Write a program to display all the numbers divisible by 5 in the range 0 to 5000. 29

o Write a C program that reads in 30 integer numbers and then print out their sum and average

for (int N = 1; N < 10; N++) { if ( N % 2 == 0) printf(“X”); else if ( N % 3 == 0) printf(“Y”); else printf(“Z”); } printf(“End”);

j = 10; for (i=1; i<=5; ++i) { printf(“%d %d n “, i, j); j = j-2; }

Find the output for ( m=1 ; m<=9 ; m=m+2 ) { x = pow ( m , 2 ); printf(“ %d %d n “, m , x ); } 33

Write a program that reports the speed of the wind. The program input is 100 speed of wind: Wind speed Content Below 25 Not strong 25 - 38 Strong wind 39 - 54 Gale 55 - 72 Whole gale above 72 Hurricane

Example Write a program to ask the user for a positive integer, and then display its factorial. Given that factorial(n) is 1 X 2 X 3 …… x n 35

o Write a program that reads 100 integer numbers, determines how many positive and negative values have been read, and computes the average of the input values.

Write a program to calculate and display a table of n vs n 3, as shown below: 1 1 2 8 3 27 4 64 5 125 6 216 7 343 8 512 9 729 10 1000

for(k=0; k<5; k++) { printf(“**”); if(k %3 <=2) { k++; } else { printf(“%d t “, k); }

o A shop need to keep an inventory of its 100 items for sale. Write a console application to input the item code, price and quantity of each item. Then the program displays a neat table of all items (code, price and quantity) with two asterisks ** next to items whose price > 100 pounds, and one asterisk * next to items whose price is between 50 and 100 pounds.

n n n Write a C program that display the number of odd numbers between its two integers: Integer 1 integer 2 results 1 -2 1 1 5 1 2 4 1 0 10 5

Locate 10 syntax errors in the code and write a correction for each error #include <stdo. h> float main int x=2, n; switch ( 1 <= x < 10 ) case 2: x ++: case 3: x - -: for ( n=1 , n<10 , n++ ) { scanf( %d “ , n, a ) ; b = = 3 a + 1 ) % ( a + ( 18 - a % 3 ) ; printf(“%d” n x) }

for (int N = 1; N < 10; N++) { if ( N % 2 == 0) printf(“X”); else if ( N % 3 == 0) printf(“Y”); else printf(“Z”); } printf(“End”);

While Statement SYNTAX while ( Expression ) {. . . } /*loop body */ NOTE: Loop body can be a single statement, a null statement, or a block.

Count-controlled Loop int count ; count = 4; /* initialize loop variable */ while (count > 0) /* test expression */ { printf(“ %d n ”, count ) ; /* repeated action */ count -- ; } printf( “Done” ) ; /*update loop variable */

Find output n = 5; j = 1; while ( j < 4 ) { if ( n >= 10 ) n = n – 2; else n = n * j; j++; } printf ( “ The n is % d ” , n);

Example o write a program that reads in the grades of 50 students in a course (out of 100 points each ) and then count the number of A students ( grade > 85 ) and the number of B students (grade > 75 ).

Example o Write a C program that read ten integers from the keyboard and returns the number of positive integers including zero? 47

To produce the output: 8 17 35 should be: int N = 8; do{ printf(“%d”, N); N = N * 2 + 1; } while ( ? ? ); N <= 71 2) N < 71 3) N < 35 6) none of the above 71, the condition of while loop 4) N > = 8 5) N > 143

Do-While Statement Is a looping control structure in which the loop condition is tested after each iteration of the loop. SYNTAX do { Statements } while ( Expression ) ; Loop body statement can be a single statement or a block. 49

Trace length = 10; count = 2; while ( count < 5 ) { if ( length >= 10 ) length = length – 2; else length = length * count; count++; } printf ( “ The length is % d ” , length);

if x < 3 printf ( “Small value” ) ; while ( 1 <= x < 10 ) x ++; for ( n=1 , n<10 , n++ ) printf( “ n = %d n “ , n ) ; x = ( 3 + 4 ) / ( 3 * ( 7 + 2 ) ; while ( a > 5 ) ; { printf ( “ * ” ) ; a = a - 3 ;

Trace m = 1; prod = 1; do { prod = prod * m ; m = m + 1 ; } while ( m < 6 ) ; printf (“ prod is %d n “, prod )

n = 0 ; sum 1 = 0 ; sum 2 = 0 ; while ( n < 10 ) { if ( n % 3 = = 0 ) sum 1 = sum 1 + n ; if ( n % 2 = = 0 ) sum 2 = sum 2 + n ; n++; } printf ( “ sum 1 = %d n ” , sum 1 ) ; printf ( “ sum 2 = %d n ” , sum 2 ) ;

#include<stdio. h> main( ) { int x=2, y=2, k=1; do { y = y * x; printf(“k = %d y = %d n”, k, y); y = y – k; printf(“k = %d y = %d n”, k, y); k = k + 1; } while (k < 4); }

n n n n int I = 12, J = 0; while ( I > 8) { I = I -1; J = J + I; } Printf( “ % d”, I , J);

Example A sensitive drug cannot sustain a change in temperature of more than 30 o C in a 24 -hour period. The temperatures are monitored and recorded every two hours. Write console application the laboratory technician can use once a day to determine whether or not to throw the drug away. 56

Example In one university, it has a rule that at least 75% of student in each course must pass. This means that the pass mark for each course will differ. Write a program that will read 100 57 students’ marks and determine the pass mark.

Example A shuttle bus operates between two terminals of an airport, departing every hour and half -hour. Write a program that is given a time (e. g. 2116), it will calculate how long it is until the next bus departs (e. g. 14). 58

Example o Assume you put 1000 pounds in a projects that returns a profit of about 5% per year. How long will it take for your money to double ? o Assume you put 5000 pounds in a projects that returns a profit of about 10% per year. How much money will you have in 5 years ? 59

Find the output for (i=1; i<5; i++) { for (j=0; j<I; j++) printf("%d", i+j); }

Example A librarian covers books with plastic. She has a roll of plastic 2. 2 m wide and 100 m long. Books range between 20 x 14 cm and 21 x 30 cm and a book needs twice its size plus a border of 4 cm of plastic. As books come in, she works across the roll. When book does not fit (first horizontally, then vertically) she cuts a straight line across the plastic and starts a new row. Generate random book size and show for 20 books how the plastic will be used. 61

o Write a C program to calculate the following formula for any given n. The program should read n from the user.

Example o A year with 366 days is called a leap year. A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4 (for example, 1980). However, since the introduction of the Gregorian calendar on October 15, 1582, a year is not a leap year if it is divisible by 100 (for example, 1900); however, it is a leap year if it is divisible by 400 (for example, 2000). Write a boolean method in C# (not a whole class) that accepts an int argument called “year” and returns true if the year is a leap year and false otherwise. 63