Programme Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics 27 th

Programme Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics 27 th meeting, 24– 25 January 2008 RECOMMENDATIONS WALTER GREINER Dubna, January, 2007

Preamble The PAC is pleased to learn about the decision of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries to increase the JINR budget by 24% in 2008. The PAC notes with interest the plan being considered by the Institute Directorate together with the Russian Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” concerning the establishment of a JINRbased International Nanotechnology Centre of the Member States. Heavy-ion physics at low and high energy addresses fundamental problems which require research for several decades. Important applications for practical life and society are exemplary demonstrated by tumor therapy with heavy-ion and proton beams. Dubna, January, 2007

Activities of the JINR University Centre The PAC took note of the information about the activities of the JINR University Centre in 2007. The PAC highly appreciates the successful implementation of the Educational Programme pursued by the Centre. The motivation, education, and attraction of young people for modern science are of vital importance for the future of the Institute. The utmost care and development of and very active involvement in the education and training process should be a permanent task for the JINR laboratories and research groups. Dubna, January, 2007

Project IREN The PAC heard a status report on the project IREN. The PAC recognizes the efforts by FLNP to resolve the problems arisen by the damage of the SLAC 5045 klystron which entailed the delay in the project realization. Due to this, the PAC’s recommendations of April 2007 on the completion of the first stage of IREN project and on the closure of theme “Construction of the IREN facility” (03 -4 -0993 -94/2007) have not been fulfilled. (The PAC recommended closing this theme in 2007. Then a new theme “Test of the IREN facility Phase I” should be opened for one year with first priority). Dubna, January, 2007

The FLNP Directorate reported the work schedule for 2008 which should be completed by electron beam extraction to the nonmultiplying target and by immediate start-up of the experimental programme of applied research. The parameters of the IREN facility (Phase I) could permit performing accurate measurements of the neutron cross section addressed to astrophysics and medical applications. Recommendation. The PAC supports the decision of the JINR Directorate to extend theme “Construction of the IREN facility” for 2008 with first priority and looks forward to achieving the expected results in the current year. Dubna, January, 2007

Proposal of a new project “Deep underwater muon and neutrino detector at Lake Baikal (project BAIKAL)”. The PAC heard with great interest the presentation of the BAIKAL project, which aims at increasing the participation of DLNP in many respects including the preparation of the nextgeneration 1 km 3 detector. The BAIKAL detector is now, together with AMANDA, the world’s largest detector for highenergy neutrino beams coming from the universe or which are generated by annihilation processes of dark matter. Dubna, January, 2007

The main physics goals Search for astrophysical point sources of neutrinos of high energy (>15 Ge. V) ¡ Search for neutrinos from the annihilation of dark matter candidates (WIMPs). ¡ Search for exotic particles like magnetic monopoles and etc. ¡ Search for a diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy (>10 Te. V) neutrinos. ¡ Dubna, January, 2007

The Site NT-200+ • 4 cables x 4 km to shore. • 1100 -1300 m depth Dubna, January, 2007

Total Recommendation. The PAC considers the BAIKAL project to be of great importance for the neutrino programme of DLNP and recommends its approval with high priority. Dubna, January, 2007

Spectroscopy of heavy nuclei at FLNR Heaviest SHE - limited experimental data (E , T 1/2) Deformed mid-shell nuclei: opportunity for detailed nuclear structure studies Transfermium nuclei: Z > 100 Shell-stabilized nuclei Large density of sp levels, strong Coulomb field => Heavy nuclei: demanding theoretical testing ground Dubna, January, 2007

Dubna, January, 2007

Velocity filter for asymmetric combinations (modernization of VASSILISSA) High transmission for asymmetric combinations (beams of 12 C, 14, 15 N, 16, 18 O, 20, 22 Ne) movable plates of electrostatic deflectors Availability for symmetric combinations (136 Xe + 136 Xe → 272 Hs*) 50 cm long plates, high electrostatic field strength Dubna, January, 2007

Future plans: Advantage of Dubna => Acces to less neutron-deficient nuclei 78 Pt, 79 Au, 80 Hg, 81 Tl, 82 Pb, 83 Bi 90 Th, 92 U, 94 Pu, 95 Am, 96 Cm Present limits ≥ 3 -5 nb for decay ≥ 50 - 100 nb for prompt targets – « cold fusion » targets – « hot fusion » 253 Bh 254 Bh 255 Bh 256 Bh 257 Bh 258 Bh 259 Bh 260 Bh 261 Bh 262 Bh 263 Bh 264 Bh 265 Bh 266 Bh 267 Bh 268 Bh 252 Sg 253 Sg 254 Sg 255 Sg 256 Sg 257 Sg 258 Sg 259 Sg 260 Sg 261 Sg 262 Sg Sg 263 Sg Sg 264 Sg 265 Sg 266 Sg 267 Sg 105 251 Db 252 Db 253 Db 254 Db 255 Db 256 Db 257 Db 258 Db 259 Db 260 Db 261 Db 262 Db 263 Db 264 Db 265 Db 266 Db 104 250 Rf 251 Rf 252 Rf 253 Rf 254 Rf 255 Rf 256 Rf 257 Rf 258 Rf 259 Rf 260 Rf 261 Rf 262 Rf 263 Rf 264 Rf 265 Rf 103 249 Lr 250 Lr 251 Lr 252 Lr 253 Lr 254 Lr 255 Lr 256 Lr 257 Lr 258 Lr 259 Lr 260 Lr 261 Lr 262 Lr 263 Lr 264 Lr 248 No 249 No 250 No 251 No 252 No 253 No 254 No 255 No 256 No 257 No 258 No 259 No 260 No 261 No 262 No 263 No 107 106 102 244 Md 245 Md 246 Md 247 Md 248 Md 249 Md 250 Md 251 Md 252 Md 253 Md 254 Md 255 Md 256 Md 257 Md 258 Md 259 Md 260 Md 261 Md 243 Fm 244 Fm 245 Fm 246 Fm 247 Fm 248 Fm 249 Fm 250 Fm 251 Fm 252 Fm 253 Fm 254 Fm 255 Fm 256 Fm 257 Fm 258 Fm 259 Fm 260 Fm 146 148 150 Dubna, 152 January, 2007 154 156 158 160

The PAC recommends that the proposed upgrade of the VASSILISSA separator be started in 2008. Dubna, January, 2007

Main experiments planned at FLNR in 2008 The PAC approves the FLNR programme of scientific research in heavy-ion physics planned for 2008. It supports the continuation of the traditional trends in the studies carried out at the Laboratory, in particular the investigations of properties of transfermium elements, chemical properties of superheavy elements, light exotic nuclei near and beyond the drip line and the development of the accelerators and main experimental set-ups of the Laboratory. The PAC notes the importance of short–term experiments searching for new phenomena, especially in the field of producing new elements. Dubna, and. January, isotopes. 2007

Result from the 48 Ca + 242 Pu experiment: chemical properties of 287114 Observed in chemistry 5. 04. 2007 21: 47: 46 (Moscow time) Deposition Temp. : -72 °C 287114 0. 51 s DGFRS 10. 02 Me. V 10. 04 Me. V 283112 4. 0 s 10. 9 s 9. 54 Me. V 279 Ds 0. 18 s SF 9. 53 Me. V 279 Ds 0. 24 s SF 103+114 Dubna, January, 2007

Result from the 48 Ca + 244 Pu experiment 288114 Observed in chemistry 6. 5. 2007 08: 49: 26 (Moscow time) Deposition Temp. : -85 °C 288114 DGFRS 0. 8 s 9. 95 Me. V 284112 101 ms SF 109 ms SF 62+nd New chemical experiments are scheduled for 2008 Dubna, January, 2007

Dubna, January, 2007

What is beyond 48 Ca? 48 Ca + 238 U, 237 Np, 244 Pu, 243 Am, 248 Cm, 249 Cf, no heavier targets New reactions should be searched for synthesis of superheavy elements Dubna, January, 2007

Nuclear Map Dubna, January, 2007

Alternative methods for synthesis of superheavies More intensive beam is needed No chances for low-intensive beams of accelerated fission fragments like 132 Sn Dubna, January, 2007 160 Gd + 186 W is a good testing reaction

Future plans: reaction induced by titanium Dubna, January, 2007

Experiments on the search for superheavy elements in osmium samples (Modane, France) Fréjus peak Entrance to the road tunnel Modane France 1 SF-event per year (T 1/2=109 y) corresponds to the concentration: Eka. Os/Os = 5. 10 -15 g/g Dubna, January, 2007

Dubna Radioactive Ion Beams facility Dubna, January, 2007

Fusion, transfer and breakup reaction mechanisms induced by halo nucleus 6 He JINR (Dubna), CSNSM (Orsay), IRS (Strasbourg), ULB (Bruxelles), Vanderbilt Univ. (USA) 166 Er(6 He, 6 n)166 Yb 3 & 165 Ho(6 Li, 5 n)166 Yb <==> 166 Er(4 He, 4 n)166 Yb //PRC 48(1993)319// 2 1 6 He + 166 Er 172 Yb* 166 Yb 6 He + 166 Er 170 Yb* + 2 n 6 He + 166 Er 168 Er* + 4 He + 6 n DRIBs January ’ 08 Dubna, January, 2007

Deep sub-barrier fusion of 6 He with 206 Pb DRIBs March ’ 08 For E < 25 Me. V MSP-144 (focal plane) SETUP FOR EXCITATION FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS WITH MSP-144 Experimental results (2006) ΔE>± 2 Me. V 6 He+206 Pb 210 Po + 2 n 4 He+208 Pb ! Ec. m. = 15 Me. V Targets March 2008 experiments Degrader d. E/dx~40 ke. V/mm Ltarget~20 mm 6 He-beam astrophysics, Dubna, nucleosynthesis January, 2007 ΔE~± 0. 4 Me. V

Allocation of beam time and maintenance schedule Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul U 400 Fusion & transfer reactions with 6 He VASSILISSA + GABRIELA nuclear spectroscopy MSP-144, fusion with 6 He GNS, chemistry of Z=112, 114 (113) Hoyle states in 12 C GNS, 48 Ca+226 Ra→Hs VASSILISSA, SF of 244, 246 Fm 50 Ti+243 Am (preparation & experiment) U 400 M DRIBs ACCULINNA, production of exotic nuclei DRIBs Preparation for MASHA (cabin & testing) beam available 60 h/week →| Dubna, January, 2007 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Experiments under discussion at U 400 Experiment Time Beam 1 Exotic (Hoyle) states in 12 C 14 12 C, 10 Me. V/u, 50 pn. A 2 Investigation of stability of neutron rich Al, Si and P- isotopes with the magic neutron number N=32 14 48 Ca, 3 Search for shell effects in mass distribution of 160 Gd + 186 W reaction products in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier 11 160 Gd, 4 Investigation of capture, quasifission and fusion-fission in 58 Fe+244 Pu reactions 17 58 Fe, 5 Me. V/u, 2 pn. A 5 Investigation of capture, quasifission and fusion-fission in 48 Ca+226 Ra reactions 21 48 Ca, 5 Me. V/u, 2 pn. A 6 Investigation of orientation effects in quasifission and fusion-fission in 70 Zn+144 Nd and 64 Zn+150 Nd reactions 14 64, 70 Zn, 7 Investigation of fission probability of spherical nuclei 48 Ca+208 Pb above the Coulomb barrier 14 48 Ca, 8 Investigation of spontaneous fission of 244, 246 Fm, 260 Rf, 250, 254 No 23 22 Ne, 40 Ar, 48 Ca, 20 Mev/u, 1000 pn. A 5 Me. V/u, 1 pn. A 5 Me. V/u, 2 pn. A 5 Me. V/u, 1000 pn. A 5 Me. V/u, 1000 pn. A 9 Investigation of the β-delayed fission in the lead region: 196 At and 180 Tl nuclei 10 40 Ca, 5. 5 Me. V/u, 1000 pn. A 10 Study of the 21+ isomer in 94 Ag 10 40 Ca, 5. 5 Me. V/u, 1000 pn. A Total: Dubna, January, 2007 148

Experiments under discussion at U 400 M Experiment Time Beam 1 Structure investigation of 8, 10 He in 6, 8 He+3 H reactions 48 11 B, 2 6, 8 He 20 7 Li, 11 B, 3 Total cross-section measurements in reaction 6 He+4 He 14 11 B, 33 Me. V/u, 10 pμA 5 Investigation of 6 He structure in quasifree scattering on 4 He 20 11 B, 33 Me. V/u, 10 pμA yields investigation in reactions 7 Li, 11 B+C Total: Dubna, January, 2007 116 33 Me. V/u, 10 pμA 20 – 40 Me. V/u, 2 pμA

The PAC appreciates the results of the U 400 M cyclotron upgrade performed in 2007, which is essential for the acceleration of low-energy beams at this facility. Assembling the new experimental setups at the cyclotron U 400 M will ensure non–stop experiments to study superheavy elements during the modernization of U 400 expected at the end of 2009. Dubna, January, 2007

U 400 M Modernization Results October-December 2007 üIon beams with energy 5, 5 Me. V/n and intensity 0, 2 ρμA, acceleration and extraction to the second direction. ü Increasing the light ion beams intensity for production of secondary beams (limit will be tested). Dubna, January, 2007

Recommendations. The PAC notes that the further development of the DRIBs project, in particular, the forthcoming modernization of the U 400 cyclotron, is important for realization of the scientific plans of the Flerov Laboratory. The PAC recommends that the experimental programme of the Laboratory proposed for the period 2008– 2009 be fully implemented. The PAC recommends focusing the efforts on mounting and commissioning the experimental setups which are important for the future studies of transfermium elements. Concentrating financial resources on the full completion of the parts necessary for the accelerator systems to start the modernization of the U 400 cyclotron at the end of 2009 is also recommended. Dubna, January, 2007

Adjustment of priorities in the JINR Nuclear Physics Programme for 2008– 2010 The PAC took note of the report, presented by M. Itkis, and supports the priorities in the JINR Nuclear Physics Programme proposed by him in accordance with the main provisions of the updated JINR road map for the period for 2008– 2010. Dubna, January, 2007

Scientific reports The PAC heard with interest the report “Quantum optical experiment on measurement of the gravitational force acting on the neutron”, presented by A. Frank. The PAC welcomes this new direction of neutron studies and proposes that the Directorate support the continuation of this work with high priority. The PAC was pleased with the report "Possibilities of producing exotic nuclei in complete fusion and transfertype reactions", presented by N. Antonenko. Continuation of this research is encouraged. Dubna, January, 2007

Next meeting of the PAC The next meeting of the PAC for Nuclear Physics will be held on 19– 20 June 2008. Dubna, January, 2007

Tentative agenda • Reports and recommendations on themes and projects to be completed in 2008 • Consideration of new projects • Status of the IREN project • Status of the CATALYSIS experiment • Poster presentations of new results and proposals by young scientists in the field of nuclear physics research • Scientific reports • Information about the NICA project. Dubna, January, 2007