Professional Thinking Green Development Academy Research Case Studies

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools Stephanie Thomas, Florida Solar Energy Center A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida Madren Center, Clemson, South Carolina Friday, April 4, 2003 – 1: 30 p. m. - 3: 30 p. m.

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC Project Presentation Synopsis • Overview of PERC • Process • Case Study • Why PERC? • Wrap up Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC OVERVIEW Performance Enhanced Relocatable Classroom What is PERC Funded by… Objectives • Department of Energy & National Association of State Energy Officials • • • Improve relocatable classroom construction Monitor side-by-side Analyze cost effectiveness with respect to safety & energy performance Publish on Website • Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development PERC Academy OVERVIEW How we got here Premise Reports & other research • FSEC • OOE www. fsec. ucf. edu/%7 bdac/pubs/cr 1272/ & www. fsec. ucf. edu/%bdac/pubs/cr 951. htm www. energy. state. or. us/school/schlhm. htm • WSU CEEP www. energy. wsu. edu/buildings/files/ba_pinewood. pdf & www. fsec. ucf. edu/Bldg/baihp/DATA/Portables/index. htm • LBNL http: //buildings. lbl. gov/hpcbs/ • Heschong Mahone Group www. h-m-g. com/Daylighting/schoolc. pdf Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC PROCESS Improvements • • • Enhance envelope & systems performance Improve IAQ & thermal comfort Increase energy efficiency Lower maintenance Improve academic performance levels (daylight) Waterford Elementary School, Orlando, FL Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC White Asphalt Shingles Tech. Shield R. B. Sheathing PROCESS Improvements • Enhance envelope • Roof - White shingles - Techshield RB - R-19 to R-38 12” R-38 Formaldehyde Free • Wall - R-11 to R-18 - Add 1” e. p. s. Interior Finish • Doors - Min. R-12 foam core • Windows - Double, low-e, gasfill, vinyl frame • Floor - R-14 to R-21 T-11 R-11 Formaldehyde Free Non-permeable backing Carpet Tile R-19 Formaldehyde. Free Insulation Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools 1” E. P. S

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PROCESS Improvements PERC • Enhance systems performance (will improve IAQ, thermal comfort, & energy efficiency) HVAC - Upgrade 3. 5 ton A/C to 3 ton heat pump w/ ERV - Upgrade SEER 10 to SEER 12 - Add 1” R-6 duct board insulation to duct main - Ensure duct leakage not more than 5% at 50 Pa - Controls: CS 2000 Energy monitor w/ manual override; on-demand, variable speed ventilation (CO 2) Lights - Reduce # of fixtures; decrease # of lamps; increase CRI; use more efficient lamps - Occupancy control & photosensor; dimmable ballasts with manual override Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC PROCESS • Improve academic performance levels (daylight) Daylight Results of Daylighting in Schools Report • • – – – • 2 nd-5 th grade students 21, 000 test scores assessed Students progressed 20% faster on math tests Students progressed 26% faster on reading tests Students have 7 -18% higher test scores Relocatables constituted 40% of the data set (3 districts in CA, CO & WA) Capistrano Unified School District, CA. www. hm-g. com/Daylighting/schoolc. pdf Yamato Colony Elementary School, CA Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools www. sunoptics. com

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PROCESS PERC Optimal Skylight Design Daylight Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PROCESS Daylight PERC Optimal Skylight Design 24’ 10’ 36’ 4 Skylights Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools 12’

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC Optimal Skylight Design PROCESS Daylight 4 Skylights 6 Skylights (8 sq. ft ea. ) 8 Skylights Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PROCESS PERC Optimal Skylight Design Daylight Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PROCESS PERC Optimal Skylight Design/Layout Daylight 2’ x 4” skylight 24’x 36’ Relocatable Classroom Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PROCESS PERC Optimal Skylight Design Daylight (3) lamp dim. fixture (4) Lamp (2 step) fixture 2’x 4’ Skylight, w/ 4’x 6’ well a. f. c. PERC Reflected Ceiling Plan Typical RC Reflected Ceiling Plan

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC Skylight Design/Detail PROCESS A-A Improvements Partial Section A Type IV (FL) Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC Putting it all Together Case Study Putting it Together” Photograph of NY PERC Cornwall, New York September 2002 Simulated Relocatable (no electric lights on)Classroom with Skylights using Autodesk Viz (3 D Studio) Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy CASE STUDY PERC Energy Modeling vs. Actual (Measured) Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy CASE STUDY Energy Modeling vs. Actual (Measured) PERC End Use Measured & Predicted for NY Standard (or Control) Relocatable Wh per Square Foot per Day End Use Measured & Predicted for NY PERC (or Experimental) Relocatable * Does not include bathroom space heating Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy CASE STUDY Energy Modeling vs. Actual (Measured) PERC End Use Measured in Site Built Construction k. Btu per Square Foot per Year Avg. school convert to k. Wh/sf/day 100 k. Btu/sf-yr=146 Wh/sf-day 120 school days a year Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy CASE STUDY PERC Results Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green PERC Development Academy Incremental Cost Data CASE STUDY Cost HVAC Equipment/Materials $4, 479 *Upgraded Insulation $1, 387 Lights $1, 000 *Daylighting/Windows $3, 300 Exhaust fans (low sonne) Carpet TOTAL $58 1, 500 $11, 724 Payback period when savings $1, 600 per year = 7. 32 years * Does not include labor or overhead charges associated with option upgrades typical of manufacturers for “one-off” work orders.

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy Problems Lessons Learned CASE STUDY Lessons PERC • • • Eliminate integrated skylight & automated controls Fixture layout Skylight wells a must – 20% increase “Hanging Candy Cane Theory” (HVAC controls) Oversized auxilary strip heat on heat pumps Roof deck insulation with sealed attic Sound measurement issue Educate/Inform Teachers & Maintenance Staff Communication & Education with Manufacturer vital Cane Mobiles can activate occupancy • Candy Aesthetics are not always a top priority sensors, December 2002 “Bump out” afterthought for aesthetic reasons, may lead to susceptible consequences Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy CASE STUDY PERC As-Built Relocatable Classrooms Willow Avenue Middle School Cornwall, NY Exterior View of Reloctable Classrooms, December 2002 Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green PERC Development Academy CASE STUDY As-Built Relocatable Classrooms Willow Avenue Middle School Cornwall, NY Waterproofing Repair Rooftopviewofof. Skylights, September 2002 Rooftop Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy CASE STUDY PERC As-Built Relocatable Classrooms Willow Avenue Middle School Cornwall, NY Interior View of NY PERC ( no electric lights), September 2002 Interior View of NY Standard RC ( no electric lights), September 2002 Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green PERC Development Academy WHY? Why. PERC? Why • 36% of the nation’s schools use relocatables • • • Relocatables are plagued as energy hogs Suspected source of health problems Perceived as low quality learning environment Constructed to the minimum standards Explosive growth in public school enrollments continuing SC has 3, 600 -4, 000 relocatables (Office of School Facilities, SC • has ASTHMA Department of Energy, circa 2001) Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools

Professional Thinking Green Development Academy PERC A room is not a room without natural light. Natural light gives the time of day and the mood of the seasons to enter. - Louis Kahn Research & Case Studies of Energy Efficiency in Schools