Prof V Bastin Jerome Assistant Professor of Commerce

Prof. V. Bastin Jerome Assistant Professor of Commerce St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 2.

This presentation includes…………

This part deals with …. . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Quality of Research Quality of the Researcher Involvement of Teachers in Research Purpose , Objectives of research Types of Research, Nature of Research Includes Definitions and Authority Defined the Term. Involvement of Students in Research Activities • • • Selection of a Research Topic Importance of Research conducted on the particular topic Uniqueness of Research – New topic, not outdated etc.

This part deals with Continues…. . 8. Research Process 9. Sampling Methods used – Types of sampling 10. Types of Data – Primary and Secondary 11. Qualities of good Research 12. Hypothesis – testing, framing of hypothesis 13. Research Design 14. Involvement of Students in Research Activities • • • Selection of a Research Topic Importance of Research conducted on the particular topic Uniqueness of Research – New topic, not outdated etc.

Sample Questions - Research Aptitude 1. A researcher is generally expected to: (a) Study the existing literature in a field (b) Generate new Principles and theories (c) Synthesize the ideas given by others (d) Evaluate the findings of a study 2. One of the essential characteristic of research is: (a) Replicability (b) Generalizability (c) Usability (d) Objectivity 3. The Government of India conducts Census after every 10 years. The method of research used in this process is: (a) Case study (b) Developmental (c) Survey (d) Experimental 4. An academic association assembled at one place to discuss the progress of its work and future plans. Such an assembly is known as a (a) Conference (b) Seminar (c) Workshop (d) Symposium 5. An investigator studied the census data for a given area and prepared a write-up based on them. Such a write-up is called: (a) Research paper (b) Article (c) Thesis (d) Research report

CHECK YOUR RESEARCH ABILITY CAN YOU TRY? WHAT IS RESEARCH & TYPES

1. The research is always(A) verifying the old knowledge (B) exploring new knowledge (C) filling the gap between knowledge (D) All of these 2. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is(A) applied research (B) action research (C) experimental research (D) None of these 3. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is(A) cluster Sampling (B) stratified Sampling (C) convenient Sampling (D) lottery Method 4. The process not needed in experimental research is(A) observation (B) manipulation and replication (C) controlling (D) reference collection 5. A research problem is not feasible only when(A) it is researchable (B) it is new and adds something to knowledge (C) it consists of independent and dependent variables (D) it has utility and relevance

RESEARCH SAMPLE TEST

Ways of Exploring a Topic • • Use personal reading for academic research. Browse in the library. Interview people who are experts in the field. Do a survey of concerned participants. (Speak to other scholars or experts in the same field as yours). Observe activities relating to your topic. (eg. Articles published in literary magazines and journals). View videotapes, films, or other media presentations. All forms of research require that you keep records of where you got your information. Involvement of Students in Research Activities • Selection of a Research Topic • • Importance of Research conducted on the particular topic Uniqueness of Research – New topic, not outdated etc.

Research Terminology • 'research methodology' The study of research methods A singular that does not admit of a plural • 'research technique' A specific means, approach or tool-and-its-use, whereby data is gathered analysed, and inferences are drawn • 'research method' The manner in which a particular project is undertaken It comprises one or more research techniques

Alternative Motivations for Research • 'pure research' ‘because it’s there’ contribute to abstract, theoretical understanding • 'applied research' ‘I have hammer, so find a nail’ • instrumentalist research ‘I have problem, so find a solution’

Nature of Research Outcomes • descriptive depiction of a behaviour or a domain • explanatory systemic explanation of how behaviours arise ascription of causes to occurrences in the domain • predictive statement of: what behaviour will arise, and how; what occurrences will arise within the domain; what effect will particular interventions have • normative declaration of interventions to a desired outcome

Nature of the Data (Measurement Scales) • Quantitative – – Ratio Cardinal Ordinal Nominal • Qualitative

Quality Factors in Empirical Work • Purpose of the Design • Unit of Analysis artifacts, individuals, dyads, groups, organizations (at various levels of aggregation), industry segments and sectors, societies • Population Definition • Sampling Frame Within the Population • Sample • Time Horizon snapshot, cross-sectional or longitudinal • Study Setting contrived or naturalistic, degree of researcher interference • Data Collection Methods • Measurement Scales • Data Analysis Techniques

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD WRITING TOPIC IT IS IMPORTANT: A good topic is important to you and your readers IT IS FRESH: A good topic is new to you or your readers, or your approach to a familiar topic is fresh. Don’t reject topics that seem quirky or strange at first, they may lead to your freshest writing. IT’S A CHALLENGE: Choose topics that challenge your thinking, curiosity or feeling. Easy topics may lead to boredom for you and your readers