Product Selection Assistant PSA for Flow Description Flowmeters

— Product. Selection. Assistant (PSA) for Flow Description

— Flowmeters – Product Selection Assistant [PSA] Selection made easy Agenda Functionality (Basics) Electromagnetic Flowmeters EMF Industry based Selection Coriolis Mass Flowmeters Vortex & Swirl Flowmeters Thermal Mass Flowmeters Variable Area Flowmeters Selection & Sizing examples March 3, 2021 Slide 2

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Application guide [flow brochure] Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA (online) Links: http: //www. abb. com/flow-selector http: //www. abb. de/flow-selector Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA (offline/download) Link: http: //search. abb. com/library/ABBLibrary. asp? Document. ID=3 KXF 070001 S 1001&Languag e. Code=en&Document. Part. Id=&Action=Launch March 3, 2021 Slide 3

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Start [1] Start assistant Breadcrumbs for navigation of selection • Start • Requirements • Product selection • Configuration • Project data & Summary PSA - Settings bar March 3, 2021 Slide 4 • Project • Country and language settings • Your preferences

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Start [1] PSA – Setting bar Project Ctry & language settings Your preferences Allows quick • Project settings and Setting of • Project selection and • Reset (existing) configuration • Country (automatically) • Standard Units of Measure • Configure preferences • Language • Visible Calculation results • Set font size • March 3, 2021 Slide 5 English or German available

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Start [1 - A] – Select / Size EMF´s by Industry / Application [only for EMF´s] Industry and application selection For EMFs you are able to select the correct EMF flowmeter by industry or application Please take note of the physical limitations of this measurement principle (e. g. • Minimum conductivity, • Temperature and pressure limits Check out this specific Industry / Application selection March 3, 2021 Slide 6

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Start [1 - B] – Start assistant [all flowmeters] Start assistant Start – Mandatory customer Information for selection • Medium (specific type of medium) e. g. water, steam, nitrogen, etc. • Measuring range (Volume or Mass or Standard (norm) flow • Reference conditions • Working Pressure (Gauge or Absolute) • Medium Temperature • Gas mixture (optional) • Additional needed for configuration of the product o Integral or remote, o Price level…. . o Expected accuracy March 3, 2021 Slide 7

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Where to find additional Information(s) – Click / Tap on [ i ] If you need additional information, please click / tap on [i]. March 3, 2021 Slide 8

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] Select the best product for your measurement application by answering some key questions. Please complete as much information as possible, to obtain the best result. Once information is complete, click on "Product selection" or on "View Products" to show a list of devices meeting your requirements. Mandatory fields are indicated by a red asterisk March 3, 2021 Slide 9

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Options for Quick Sizing Selection of Medium Quick sizing option • 100% Air or • 100% Water Measurement Medium (dropdown menu) Different type of media are selectable for March 3, 2021 Slide 10 • Liquids • Gases • Steam

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Options for Quick Sizing 100% Air [Reset, then set 100% Air] March 3, 2021 Slide 11 100% Water [Reset, then set 100% Water]

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Selection of measured medium [mandatory] Selection Medium Liquids Steam Gases Pre-configured parameters for Selection of different steam types Selection of • Liquids • Typical Liquids or • Typical Gases or • Steam • Other Liquids • Other Gas • Gases March 3, 2021 Slide 12

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data - Typical mistakes It is recommended to not select a Process Connection Size unless explicitly required. March 3, 2021 Slide 13

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data - Typical mistakes The selection of a Process Connection Size minimizes or eliminates possible measurement technologies Measuring range is not mandatory, but recommended Note: Every measurement principle has its own optimal measuring range March 3, 2021 Slide 14

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data - Handling 1. First, select the Unit of Measure [e. g. bar for Pressure, °C for Temperature] 2. Second, enter the value [e. g. 20] The PSA would automatically convert your value to the actual Uo. M if you entered the unit in a second step March 3, 2021 Slide 15

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data – Fluid Unit Type Select the Fluid Unit Type! • Volume Flow at Reference Conditions Refers to a fixed temperature and pressure value. This can be different for continental regions. E. g. in Europe the reference conditions typically are based on 0 °C and 1013. 25 mbar atmospheric pressure. In the Americas, the reference conditions are based on 60 °F or mostly 70 °F with 14. 696 psi If you change the Fluid Unit Type, the measuring range will be converted, and the unit of measure will change automatically March 3, 2021 Slide 16

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data – Fluid Unit Type – Reference Conditions Select the reference conditions • Depends on the regions, different reference conditions are required Europe: 0 °C / 32 °F at 1013. 25 mbar(a) / 14. 696 psi(a) USA: 60 °F or 70 °F at 1013. 25 mbar(a) / 14. 696 psi(a) If you are not sure which reference conditions should be used for sizing, please ask End-User ! Selecting the wrong reference conditions can cause errors up to 7% in scaling ! March 3, 2021 Slide 17

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Reference conditions Pressure (p) Absolute 0 Gauge 0 p p 1 1 Atmospheric Pressure Approx. 1. 013 bar abs / 14. 696 psi(a) Vacuum Example: Absolute pressure: Gauge pressure: March 3, 2021 Slide 18 7. 013 bar / 101. 719 psi 6 bar(a) / 87. 023 psi(a) Full Vacuum (Zero Absolute)

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data – Working pressure Unit / Ref. condition selection Gauge pressure Absolute pressure [note the annex (a)] March 3, 2021 Slide 19

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Process data – Gas mixture (if needed) Add Medium: Useful for gas applications when you have a gas mixture. In this case the earlier selected 100 % percentage of the first medium will be re-set and you can select different gases in different concentration again up to a 100 % gas mixture. Note: Please enter only gases with content > 1. 0 % Up to 5 gases can be entered Display total medium percentage March 3, 2021 Slide 20

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Requirements [2] – Finished (Breadcrumbs) When all mandatory fields [*] are completed, a green checkmark will be displayed in the page header, and all Available Products are shown in blue color in the box. Not suitable Products are shown in light grey color. Now, go to Product selection page. March 3, 2021 Slide 21

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Product selection [3] – Overview table – change Nominal Size Possible product line acc. to requirements March 3, 2021 Slide 22 Measuring Range Min/Nom/Max Pressure Loss Nom/Max Accuracy in % Nom/Max Installation Velocity requirement Inlet / Outlet

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Product selection [3] – All available products The overview table allows you to evaluate the best suitable solution by changing the recommended sizes to lower/ higher sizes. Click / tap + / - buttons -/+ Select your product line, and click on Detailed product sizing March 3, 2021 Slide 23

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Product selection [3] – Detailed Product Sizing Select size and press Performance March 3, 2021 Slide 24

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Product selection [3] – Detailed Product Sizing To check the accuracy of the meter: • Change flow value or velocity directly if needed, or • Use the slider at the bottom of the diagram. • Activate your new values by pressing → Select March 3, 2021 Slide 25 The product detail section will show up. Verify the blue highlighted proposal, and press - Configure product

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Configuration [4] • Product Code is displayed • Set default to enter standard configuration • „Copy to clipboard“ can be used to transfer configuration to pricing tools like Configur. X Note: The product Picture changes along with significant options, e. g. compact/remote transmitter March 3, 2021 Slide 26

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Project data [5] Project data Enter the information needed to properly identify your project. Please provide Project Name or Quotation / Order reference, and Customer No. or full address details. A TAG no. would be helpful. The calendar lets you select every single day in a five-year-period with just 3 klicks. March 3, 2021 Slide 27

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary [6] – Results Content - View Summary Project data Input and settings (both application and user) Calculation results Product configuration details March 3, 2021 Slide 28

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary [6] – Result Save & Export Documentation • Save project (recommended) Download (Export) March 3, 2021 Slide 29 • PDF • Excel • XML

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary [6] – Save the project With any application question please contact your related inside sales person in the factory and add the project file (*. abb) to your email. March 3, 2021 Slide 30

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary [6] – Printing options Selectable content for printing option Categories: • Set the printing options for the summary pdf output • Product images • Performance chart March 3, 2021 Slide 31

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary [6] – Result in PDF Printing options • Project data • Input and settings (both application and user) • Calculation results • Product selection • Product details • Calculation • Performance chart March 3, 2021 Slide 32

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary - complete [6] – Generate CAD files With few product lines you have the possibility to generate CAD files Now available for: March 3, 2021 Slide 33 • Coriolis. Master • In preparation: • Process. Master / Hygienic. Master • Vortex. Master/ Swirl. Master

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary - complete [6] – Generate CAD files 1. Select the required format and press „Generate CAD files now“ 2. Download CAD files (ZIP) The option Download CAD files (PDF) returns a pdf file containing a simplified 3 D model. This can be rendered on the fly e. g. with Acrobat Reader March 3, 2021 Slide 34

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Summary - complete [6] – 2/3 D-Drawings – Create PDF Datasheet March 3, 2021 Slide 35

— Start [1 - A] – Select / Size EMFs by Industry / Application [only for EMFs] Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Industry and application selection For EMF´s you are able to select the correct EMF flowmeter by industry or application Please take note of the physical limitations of this measurement principle e. g. • Minimum conductivity, • Temperature and pressure limits Please check in chapter EMF sizing this specific industry/application selection March 3, 2021 Slide 36

— Start [1 - A] – Select / Size EMF´s by Industry / Application [only for EMF´s Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Industry selection Select the industry and the PSA will provide you best suitable EMF product series March 3, 2021 Slide 37

— Start [1 - A] – Select / Size EMFs by Industry / Application [only for EMFs] Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Size by Industry – Handling Press *Select* The suitable transmitters will be shown below the sensors March 3, 2021 Slide 38

— Start [1 - A] – Select / Size EMFs by Industry / Application [only for EMFs] Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA March 3, 2021 Slide 39

— Start [1 - A] – Select / Size EMFs by Industry / Application [only for EMFs] Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Product description Detailed product sizing Start standard selection of size etc. March 3, 2021 Slide 40

— Electromagnetic Flowmeters Product. Selection. Assistant (PSA)

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters Principle of operation • The coils and surrounding structure are designed to produce a consistent magnetic field across the whole pipe area • Measuring electrodes pick up the induced voltage • An electrically insulating lining is required to preserve the signal voltage and allow it to be transferred to the electrodes Magnet Coils Measuring Electrodes Many materials Tube Lining Many materials March 3, 2021 Slide 42

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – Benefits & Limits Advantages • No moving parts and Unobstructed flow path • Ability to handle corrosive and erosive liquids • Minimum flow conditioning required • Ideal for slurries • Very High accuracy Limitations + March 3, 2021 Slide 43 250 bar 180 °C • Only conductive fluids can be metered • Physical pressure and temperature limits • Heavy coatings (insulating or shorting) can result in measurement errors

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – How to size • Hydraulic optimal flow rate of the EMF in m/s (Base for the PSA – size selection) 3 -4 m/s • Flow rates in m/s by the different Process flowmeter • • March 3, 2021 Slide 44 • 0 - 20 m/s Process-/ Hygienic-Master • 0 - 10 m/s FSM 4000 Smallest selectable Flow range by the EMF in m/s • Process-/ Hygienic-Master: 0. 2 m/s • FSM 4000: 0. 5 m/s Minimum flow rate, from where the EMF is showing a flow signal? >0. 0 m/s

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – How to size • Beside the standard sizing, there can be some special application requirements… Please see examples below Application Slurries, pulps, pastes Slide 45 0. 5. . . 1 m/s Liquid food stuff 1. . . 2 m/s Liquids in chemical processes 1. . . 3 m/s Potable water 3. . . 6 m/s Water to transport solids March 3, 2021 Velocity up to 15 m/s

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – How to select the liner material and electrode design Hardrubber Softrubber Standard application Double layer Mashes, chunks of fruits, fatty fluids PFA ETFE Standard application High temp Standard hygienic application Standard application Abbrasive, fine grained slurries Mashes, chunks of fruits, fatty fluids Clay, latex, fluids with trend to coating Swedish design March 3, 2021 Thick PTFE Stone loaden slurries Tungsten Carbide Pointed head PTFE Slide 46 Abbrasive, fine grained slurries Linatex Ceramic carbide Stone loaden slurries Abbrasive, fine grained slurries

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – How to select the liner material and electrode design Max. temperature and pressure limits Liner material Temperature Max. pressure Hard rubber 90 °C [194 °F] PN 400 / CL 2500 Soft rubber 60 °C [140 °F] PN 40 / CL 300 PTFE 130 °C [266 °F] PN 64 / CL 300 Thick PTFE 1 180 °C [356 °F] PN 64 / CL 300 130 °C / 180 °C *) [266 °F / 356 °F] PN 40 / CL 300 ETFE 130 °C [266 °F] PN 250 / CL 1500 Ceramic Carbide 80 °C [176 °F] PN 40 / CL 300 Linatex 2 80 °C [176 °F] PN 40 / CL 300 20 / 130 °C [64 / 266 °F] 10 bar 70 °C [158 °F] PN 40 / CL 300 PFA PEEK / Torlon (DN 1. . . DN 2) Polyurethan March 3, 2021 Slide 47 1) For high temperature application 2) Only available from PMU Shanghai/CN

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – How to select the liner material and electrode design Process connections Stand. pressure rating per size Process connection Flange [1] Weld Stubs [2] [1] Multi Con. Food Fitting nection DIN 11851 [3] [2] Tri – Clamp [3] Male threads [3] Flange [4] [5] March 3, 2021 Slide 48 Wafer [5] Size (DN) Pressure rating DN 3. . . DN 80 [1/8. . . 3 in. ] DN 100. . . DN 400 [4. . . 16 in. ] DN 500. . . DN 2000 [20. . . 80 in. ] DN 3. . . DN 40 [1/8. . . 1½ in. ] DN 50 / DN 80 [2 in. / 3 in. ] DN 65 / DN 100 [2½ in. / 4 in. ] DN 3. . . DN 50 [1/8. . . 2 in. ] DN 65. . . DN 100 [2½. . . 4 in. ] DN 3. . . DN 25 [1/8. . . 1 in. ] DN 3. . . DN 80 [1/8. . . 3 in. ] DN 100 [4 in. ] DN 3. . . DN 50 [1/8. . . 2 in. ] DN 65. . . DN 100 [2½. . . 4 in. ] PN 40 / CL 150 PN 16 / CL 150 PN 10 / CL 150 40 bar 16 bar 10 bar 16 bar / 10 bar 16 bar PN 40 / CL 150 PN 16 / CL 150

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Electromagnetic Flowmeters – How to select the correct EMF series Conductivity range March 3, 2021 Slide 49 Conductivity Range µS/cm Nonhomogeneous Fluids Homogeneous Fluids < 0. 5 Not suitable for electromagnetic flowmeters Coriolis Mass, Swirl or Vortex; Variable Area Flowmeters > 0. 5 FSM 4000 (with preamplifier) > 5 FSM 4000 ( with preamplifier ) Process-/ Hygienic. Master FEx 63 x (300 / 500) > 20 FSM 4000 Process-/ Hygienic. Master FEx 610 and Water. Master > 50 FSM 4000 Aqua. Master

— Coriolis Mass Flowmeters Product. Selection. Assistant (PSA)

— Measurement principle Coriolis Mass Flowmeters – Principle of operation Based on coriolis force • The tube vibration is generated by an electromagnetic coil in the center of the tubes • In addition to the operation without flow, Coriolis forces create a phase shift between inlet and outlet of the meter, the tubes start to „twist“. • The phase shift is proportional to the mass flow. • The frequency of the tube vibration is proportional to the density of the fluid. March 3, 2021 Slide 51 Coriolis operation without flow Coriolis operation with flow

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Coriolis Mass Flowmeters – Application limits for gases Measuring range • In general identical with liquid range • Limited by the max. allowable flow velocity (80 / 100 m/s) Example FCB DN 15: Liquid, eg. Water 8… 8000 kg/h ρ = 998 kg/m³ Flow velocity 22 m/s 80 m/s Gas, eg. CO 2 @20°C / 10 bar ρ = 20. 02 kg/m³ 8. . . 720 kg/h 8. . . 575 kg/h @20°C / 30 bar ρ = 56. 38 kg/m³ 8. . . 1624 kg/h March 3, 2021 Slide 52 8. . . 2030 kg/h 100 m/s 150 m/s

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Coriolis. Master – Installation conditions, benefits & limitations Installation conditions Liquids Gas bubbles can go out of the pipe and the system can be self-drained. Benefits Gases Place the transmitter box below the sensor Avoids condensate to remain in the sensor • Measure almost from zero • No Inlet and Outlet sections required • Independent of flow profile • Direct mass and indirect volume measurement • Density (liquids only) and temperature measurement Limitations March 3, 2021 Slide 53 • Viscosity ≥ 1 Pas (1000 m. Pas = 1000 c. P), please contact ABB • For high pressure applications, please check tables for P/T ratings • Corrosion resistance

— Vortex & Swirl Flowmeters Product. Selection. Assistant (PSA)

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Swirl. Master – Principle of operation Inside the Swirl. Master, a stationary turbine rotor is located in the inlet. The medium is forced to rotate and flows through the meter tube of the Swirl. Master in a thread like rotation. The swirl stabilize the cylindrical section of the meter tube. Housing Senso r Sensor The rotation velocity at the wall is relatively small and increase towards the tube center until a stable vortex core is formed at center. In the expanding section of the tube, the vortex core is displaced because of a backflow. The Vortex core forms a spiral like secondary rotation, whose frequency is linear proportional to flow rate. The Secondary rotation is measured with piezo-sensor. Stagnation point Inlet Swirler Deswirler L L L March 3, 2021 Slide 55 Backflow

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Swirl. Master – Installation conditions, benefits & limitations Installation conditions Straight pipe sections Benefits Pipe sections with elbows High medium temperature • Lowest demand on up- and downstream piping • Highest accuracy of 0. 5 % of rate • Large measuring span, typ. 1 : 25 • Sensor Memory Technology • Lowest installation costs Limitations High medium temperature > 150 °C (> 302 °F) March 3, 2021 Slide 56 • Minimum velocity needed • Fluids with low viscosity – depending on size • No TWO-Phase liquids possible • Minimum actual density of 0. 5 kg/m 3 (0. 031 lb/ft 3) e. g. H 2 at 5 bar

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Swirl. Master – How to size the flowmeter Nominal diameter selection • • Operating flow (Actual flow) Selection is done on the basis of the max. operating flow Qvmax. If maximum spans are to be achieved, this should not be less than half the maximum flowrate for each nominal diameter (Qvmax. DN), although reduction to approx. 0. 15 Qvmax. DN is possible. The linear lower range limit value is dependent upon the Reynolds number (see accuracy information at data sheet). Standard or Mass flow If the flow to be measured is present as a standard flow (standard condition eg. 0 °C (32 °F), 1. 013 mbar) or Mass flowrate, this must be converted to the operating flow and the most appropriate nominal device diameter must be selected from the flow range tables. March 3, 2021 Slide 57 Nominal diameter Qmax. DN (liquids) [m³/h] [USgpm] Qmax. DN (gases and vapors) [m³/h] [ft³/min] DN 15 (½ in. ) 25 11 20 12 DN 20 (¾ in. ) 4 18 44 26 DN 25 (1 in. ) 8 35 90 53 DN 32 (1 ½ in. ) 16 70 230 135 DN 40 (1 ¾ in. ) 20 88 300 177 DN 50 (2 in. ) 30 132 440 259 DN 80 (3 in. ) 120 528 1160 683 DN 100 (4 in. ) 180 793 1725 1015 DN 150 (6 in. ) 400 1760 3800 2237 DN 200 (8 in. ) 700 3082 5800 3414 DN 300 (12 in. ) 1600 7045 13600 8005 DN 400 (16 in. ) 2500 11000 21500 12655

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Swirl. Master – How to size the flowmeter Liquids The low end of the measuring range is depending on the viscosity of the liquid • At a viscosity of 1 m. Pa • s /c. P the range of a DN 50 is 0. 8 … 30 m³/h which is equal to a span of 1 : 38 • At a viscosity of 5 m. Pa • s /c. P the range of a DN 50 is 4. 3 … 30 m³/h which is equal to a span of 1 : 7 Higher viscosities cause a decrease of the span due to an increased low end Swirl meters are suitable to measure liquids with viscosities up to 30 m. Pa • s /c. P (depending on diameter, for details see data sheet) March 3, 2021 Slide 58

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Swirl. Master – How to size the flowmeter Gases / Vapor The low end of the measuring range is depending on the density of the gas /vapor • At a density of 1. 293 kg/m³ the range of a DN 50 is 16. 8 … 440 m³/h (qn) which is equal to a span of 1 : 26 • At a density of 10 kg/m³ the range of a DN 50 is 9 … 440 m³/h (qn) which is equal to a span of 1 : 49 At higher densities the span of the meter increases due to an earlier start of the measurement March 3, 2021 Slide 59

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Vortex. Master – Principle of operation – Karman vortex street On a free standing body, vortices are formed on both sides after the bluff body the vortices generate periodic pressure and velocity variations f The piezo-sensor convert the resulting pressure forces into an electrical measuring impulse signals which can be amplified Over the years, an ideal shape has been found for creating reliable vortices over a long period without any wear at the edges: a trapezoidal bluff body! Piezo sensor V Bluff body March 3, 2021 Slide 60 Bluff-body information: =obstruction in a vortex flowmeter

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Vortex. Master – Benefits & Limits Installation conditions Straight pipe sections Benefits Pipe sections with elbows • Easy installation and operation • Sensor Memory Technology • High accuracy, e. g. 0. 65 % of the rate for liquids, 0. 9 % of the rate for gases and steam • Low price Limitations High medium temperature > 150 °C (> 302 °F) March 3, 2021 Slide 61 • Minimum velocity needed • Fluids with low viscosity • No TWO-Phase liquids possible • Minimum actual density of 0. 5 kg/m 3 (0. 031 lb/ft 3) e. g. H 2 at 5 bar

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Vortex. Master – How to size the flowmeter Nominal diameter selection • • Operating flow (Actual flow) Selection is done on the basis of the max. operating flow Qvmax. If maximum spans are to be achieved, this should not be less than half the maximum flowrate for each nominal diameter (Qvmax. DN), although reduction to approx. 0. 15 Qvmax. DN is possible. The linear lower range limit value is dependent upon the Reynolds number (see accuracy information at data sheet). Standard or Mass flow If the flow to be measured is present as a standard flow (standard condition eg. 0 °C (32 °F), 1. 013 mbar) or Mass flowrate, it must be converted to the operating flow and the most appropriate nominal device diameter must be selected. Nominal Diameter [m³/h] [USgpm] Slide 62 Qmax. DN (gases and vapors) 1) [m³/h] [ft³/min] DIN/EN ASME DN 15 (½ in. ) 7 31 24 (42) 22 (42) 14. 3 (25) 13. 1 (25) DN 25 (1 in. ) 18 79 150 (150) 82 (150) 88 (88) 48 (88) DN 40 (1 ½ in. ) 48 211 390 (390) 340 (340) 230 (230) 200 (230) DN 50 (2 in. ) 75 330 500 (500) 450 (450) 294 (294) 265 (265) DN 80 (3 in. ) 170 749 1200 (1380) 950 (1380) 706 (812) 559 (812) DN 100 (4 in. ) 270 1189 1900 (2400) 1800 (2400) 1119 (1413) 1059 (1413) DN 150 (6 in. ) 630 2774 4500 (5400) 4050 (5400) 2648 (3178) 2382 (3178) DN 200 (8 in. ) 1100 4844 8000 (9600) 6800 (9600) 4708 (5650) 4000 (5650) 14000 (16300) 20000 (23500) 12000 (16300) 17000 (23500) 8240 (9594) 7059 (9594) 11765 (13832) 10006 (13832) DN 250 (10 in. ) DN 300 (12 in. ) 1) March 3, 2021 Qmax. DN (liquids) 1800 7926 2600 11449 Values in brackets are for devices with an extended air calibration (PMU Göttingen only)

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Vortex. Master – How to size the flowmeter Liquids The low end of the measuring range is depending on the viscosity of the liquid • At a viscosity of 1 m. Pa • s /c. P the range of a DN 50 is 2. 1 … 75 m³/h which is equal to a span of 1 : 35 • At a viscosity of 5 m. Pa • s /c. P the range of a DN 50 is 10. 48 … 75 m³/h which is equal to a span of 1 : 7. 2 Higher viscosities cause a decrease of the span due to an increased low end Vortex meters are suitable to measure liquids with viscosities up to 7. 5 m. Pa • s /c. P March 3, 2021 Slide 63

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Vortex. Master – How to size the flowmeter Gases / Vapor The low end of the measuring range is depending on the density of the gas /vapor • At a density of 1. 293 kg/m³ the range of a DN 50 is 21 … 500 m³/h (qn) which is equal to a span of 1 : 24 • At a density of 10 kg/m³ the range of a DN 50 is 13. 7 … 500 m³/h (qn) which is equal to a span of 1 : 36 At higher densities the span of the meter increases due to an earlier start of the measurement March 3, 2021 Slide 64

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Vortex. Master – How to size the flowmeter Make sure to select the required Pressure rating. W/o no proper sizing/configuration is possible. Review messages when they appear, eg. Q = The selected operating point is in the lower third of the measuring range…. . March 3, 2021 Slide 65

— Thermal Mass Flowmeters Product. Selection. Assistant (PSA)

— Thermal Mass Flowmeters Measuring principle [I] Gas temperature Sensor Regulation of a constant temperature difference between both sensors (e. g. 60°C) with heating current Ih Type and quantity of the gas molecules impinging on the heated surface determine the amount of heat. Gas flow ṁ Electric heat able platinum sensor Heating current İh ~ Gas flow m March 3, 2021 Slide 67

— Thermal Mass Flowmeters Measuring principle [II] Measurement principle of Anemometer The principle is founded in 1914 – famous at “hot-wire anemometer” Ih heating current in m. A The thermal mass consist of 2 temperature sensors. 500 One platinum sensor is heated to a permanent temperature of 60 °C. The heating current [Ih]is proportional to the mass flow rate 280 km/h 400 Velocity in a 40 mm pipe The simple relation is: low gas flow – low heating current, high gas flow – high heating current. To express it in a technical way: the heating current is proportional to the gas flow. 300 20 km/h ṁ 100 March 3, 2021 Slide 68 200 300 400 Gas flowrate in kg/h 500

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Thermal Mass Flowmeters – Benefits & Limits Advantages Limitations • Measurement from nearly zero is possible • Wide pressure range: 0. 6 to 40 bar(a) / 580 psia • Wide temperature range: -25 to 300 °C [572°F] • Only gas measurement with known composition is possible • Condensate must be avoided • Sticky dirt can lead to deviations • Straight inlet/outlet sections are necessary, e. g. 15 x D inlet and 5 x D outlet (same as vortex) • The composition of the gas has to be known March 3, 2021 Slide 69

— Thermal Mass Flowmeters Comparison: Measuring range and pressure drop Measuring range 1: x maximal 100 Pressure drop mbar maximal typical 300 minimal 250 80 70 60 150 50 40 100 30 20 50 10 0 0 Sensy. Master March 3, 2021 Slide 70 Vortex Orifice Sensy. Master Vortex Orifice [mbar] 200 Bleibender Druckverlust Measurement range 1: X 90

— Variable Area Flowmeters Product. Selection. Assistant (PSA)

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Variable Area Flowmeters – Principle of operation Two type VA-flowmeters available Glas Tube Metal Tube Principle of operation The flowrate of liquids, gases and steam can be determined with variable area flowmeters. The measured medium flows (upward) through a conical tube whose diameter is larger at the top than at the bottom: • The upward flowing fluid lifts the float located inside the tube. • The height of the float in the tube is a measure of the flowrate. • The value of the flowrate can be read from a scale. Glass tube flowmeters The measured value can be read directly from a scale. Metal tube flowmeters The transmission of the float position to the indicator is accomplished by a magnetic coupling system consisting of a permanent magnet located in or on the float and a permanent magnet follower on the indicator axis. The follower system does not lose its coupling even when the float takes a sudden jump due to a flow rate change. March 3, 2021 Slide 72

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Variable Area Flowmeters – Installation conditions 1. Vertical installation 2. Medium must flow from bottom to top 3. Pipe vibrations and powerful magnetic fields to be avoid 4. No In-/Outlet sections are generally required. 5. Care should be taken to avoid flow turbulence, pulsations, pressure shocks and other flow instabilities in order to prevent measuring inaccuracies, increased wear or damage. 6. Back pressure / Float bouncing prevention March 3, 2021 Slide 73

— Product. Selection. Assistant – PSA Variable Area Flowmeters – How to size the flowmeter Optimal measuring range Recommended measuring range between 65… 100 % The Span of VA meters is typically 1: 10 or less March 3, 2021 Slide 74

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 1 Medium: Water Max. flow range: 100 m^3/h / 629 bbl/h Pressure: 2 bar(a) / 29 psi(a) Temperature: 20 °C / 68 °F Question: What are the best-fitting products?

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 1 All possibilities for each principle with best fitting size (recommendation) March 3, 2021 Slide 76

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 1 Main Criteria for product selection Accuracy Ranges in % of rate • Preferred product • Preferred diameter • Price (high variance over the product lines) Coriolis (Liquid) • Inlet / Outlet section available (flow profile) Coriolis (Gas) EUR 50, 000 EMF Coriolis Mass Vortex/ Swirl 10, 000 Thermal mass 1, 000 Standard accuracy High accuracy 0. 4 0. 1 1 0. 5 EMF 0. 4 0. 2 Swirl. Master 0. 5 - Vortex (Liquid) 0. 65 - Vortex (Gas/Steam) 0. 9 - 1. 6 (VDI/VDE) - 0. 9 / 1. 2 0. 6 Variable Area (FAM 540) Variable Area Flowmeter Thermal. Mass (air) 100 1 l/h March 3, 2021 10 l/h 100 l/h Slide 77 1 10 100 1, 000 100, 000 m 3/h

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 2 Medium: Ammonium sulfate (10 % concentration) Max. flow range: 100 m^3/h / 26417. 2 USgal/h Pressure: 2 bar(a) / 29 psi(a) Temperature: 20 °C / 68 °F Question: What are the best-fitting products?

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 2 Input: Process data March 3, 2021 Slide 79 Input: Medium data

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 2 Selection of the recommended flow product Selection the following parameters for wetted parts based on the corrosion database March 3, 2021 Slide 80 • Liner Material • Measuring Electrodes Material

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 2 Main Criteria for product selection Accuracy Ranges in % of rate • Preferred product • Preferred diameter • Price (high variance over the product lines) Coriolis (Liquid) • Inlet / Outlet section available (flow profile) Coriolis (Gas) EUR 50, 000 EMF Coriolis Mass Vortex/ Swirl 10, 000 Thermal mass 1, 000 Standard accuracy High accuracy 0. 4 0. 1 1 0. 5 EMF 0. 4 0. 2 Swirl. Master 0. 5 - Vortex (Liquid) 0. 65 - Vortex (Gas/Steam) 0. 9 - 1. 6 (VDI/VDE) - 0. 9 / 1. 2 0. 6 Variable Area (FAM 540) Variable Area Flowmeter Thermal. Mass (air) 100 1 l/h March 3, 2021 10 l/h 100 l/h Slide 81 1 10 100 1, 000 100, 000 m 3/h

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 3 Medium: Liquid with solid content of 18 % e. g. abrasive sludge Max. flow range: 20 m^3/h / 5283. 4 USgal/h Pressure: 2 bar(a) / 29 psi(a) Temperature: 20 °C / 68 °F Question: What is the recommended flow product?

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 3 Input: Process data Input: Medium data Parameters set by the selection of the „Measured Medium“. Please verify March 3, 2021 Slide 83

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 3 Selection of the recommended flow product Recommended flow velocities for EMFs 1) • • • Slurries, pulps, pastes: 0. 5. . . 1 m/s Liquid food stuff: 1. . . 2 m/s Liquids in chemical processes: 1. . . 3 m/s Potable water: 3. . . 6 m/s Water to transport solids: up to 15 m/s 1) ABB March 3, 2021 Slide 84 Industrial flow measurement handbook page 128 It is recommended to increase the diameter to reduce the flow velocity. This will increase the life time of the meter.

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 3 Selection of the recommended flow product Select the following parameters for wetted parts based on the table below March 3, 2021 Slide 85 • Liner Material • Measuring Electrodes Material

— PSA - Selection & sizing examples Example 3 Final configuration March 3, 2021 Slide 86

March 3, 2021 Slide 87