Producers Consumers Decomposers Ecosystems 1 of 9 Boardworks
Producers, Consumers, Decomposers Ecosystems 1 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Outcomes: 7 1. 1 E I can identify the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers. 1. 1 F – I can classify organisms as producers, consumers, and decomposers. 2 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Food chains Look carefully at the organisms in this garden habitat. Can you identify who might eat who or what in this picture? ” 3 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Consumers can be grouped into different types: Herbivores These consumers eat producers. Herbivores include some plants and types of bacteria. Carnivores These consumers eat other consumers. Omnivores These consumers eat other consumers and producers. Omnivores eat animals and plants. Most humans are omnivores. 4 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food chains Most food chains start with a green plant. Green plants are producers. They produce food for other living things. Producers make their own food using energy from the Sun. Most producers need sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make food. 5 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Food chains Other organisms eat producers to get the energy they need to live and grow. Organisms that consume other organisms are called consumers. seaweed limpet crab human producer consumer 6 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Feeding types Different types of organism can be grouped in several ways. One grouping system is based on how organisms obtain their food. Some organisms produce their own food. They are called producers. Plants produce their own food using light energy from the Sun. Some types of bacteria can also make their own food by using light or chemical reactions. Other organisms cannot make their own food. They are called consumers. 7 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Producer or consumer? © Boardworks Ltd 2003
Producer or consumer? 9 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Name that feeding type 10 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Ranking consumers Consumers eat plants or animals, or both. A food chain can be used to rank different types of consumers. seaweed limpet crab human producer primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer l l Producers – make their own food. Primary consumers – eat producers. Secondary consumers – eat primary consumers. Tertiary consumers – eat secondary consumers. 11 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Food chains 12 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Death benefits? When animals and plants die, they are decomposed by microbes. In this way, the nutrients that were stored in animals and plants are eventually returned to the soil. The nutrients fertilize the soil, helping producers, such as plants, to grow better. As the number of producers increases, how will this affect the populations of organisms higher up in the food chain? 13 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Decomposers: 14 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food chains Predators are consumers that hunt for their prey. Predators eat other animals, but they might also eat producers. This worm is food for the bird. Who is the predator and who is the prey? Write a list of other predators and their prey. How many different pairs of animals can you think of? 15 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Predator-prey relationships Animals that are high up in food chains, such as the fox, tend to be hunters that are skilled at locating and killing their food. These hunters are called predators. The animals on which the predator feeds are called their prey. Prey animals tend to be well adapted to avoid the predator. Common prey adaptations include camouflage or the ability to produce poisonous toxins. 16 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Feeding types 17 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Primary, secondary or tertiary? 18 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Identifier les items suivantes: ♦ Consumers ☼ Producers ♪ Decomposers ▲Predators ■ Prey ∞Omnivores ♥ Carnivores # Herbivores 19 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Classification Activity: Consumer Decomposer Carnivore Omnivore Herbivore r to da 20 of 38 Producer e Pr • Using the magazines provided, find 5 organisms for each category. • Label each organism. • Organize your paper in a way to categorize the organisms. Prey © Boardworks Ltd 2008
STOP 21 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
22 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Outcomes: • 1. 2 B - I can chart the flow of energy through an food web. • 1. 2 C – I can identify strengths and weaknesses of a diagram showing energy flow. • 1. 2 E – I can show energy is recycled in a food web. 23 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Food chains In every habitat, some animals eat plants and some animals eat other animals. lettuce caterpillar bird fox In this garden, lettuce is eaten by a caterpillar, which is then eaten by a bird, which is then eaten by a fox. This is an example of a food chain. All organisms are linked together by food chains. They depend on each other to survive. 24 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
Producer, herbivore or carnivore? Food chains always start with a producer. If the producer is a plant, only a small part of it might be involved in the food chain, such as its seeds, fruits, leaves or even dead leaves. From a food chain, we can tell if an organism is a producer, a herbivore or a carnivore. leaf snail bird owl What are the feeding types of the animals in this food chain? 25 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Food chains 26 of 9 © Boardworks 2011
An Antarctic food chain 27 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
What is a food web? Why is it a good idea for an organism to have different sources of food? Animals usually eat many different things and are involved in lots of different food chains: plants aphid ladybird bluebird plants moth bluebird owl plants vole stoat plants vole owl These food chains can be put together in a food web, which shows how the food chains are connected. What would the food web for these food chains look like? 28 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food webs chiffchaff owl stoat bluebird moth spider vole ladybird aphid 29 of 38 plant © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Using a food web 1. Name the producer in this food web. 2. Name two herbivores in this food web. 3. Name two species that are top carnivores. 4. How many secondary consumers are there? 5. Which food chains include the moth? 30 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food Chains and Webs 31 of 6 © Boardworks Ltd 2011
Build a food web 32 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Changes in a food web 33 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food chain populations 34 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Little Change = Big Effects 35 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food chains and pyramids What can a pyramid of numbers show about energy transfer? 36 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
What are pyramids of numbers? Pyramids of numbers are a numerical way of representing food chains. They record the number of organisms at each level in the food chain. What are the problems of representing food chains in pyramids of numbers? Pyramids of numbers only give an accurate impression of the flow of energy in a food chain if the organisms are of similar size. Measuring the biomass (living material that makes up all organisms) at each level in the food chain can give a more accurate picture. 37 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Numbers or biomass? 38 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Understanding pyramids of biomass In a pyramid of biomass, the length of each bar represents the biomass at each level of the food chain. At each level, the amount of biomass and energy available is reduced, giving a pyramid shape. 39 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Understanding pyramids of numbers In a pyramid of numbers, the length of each bar represents the number of organisms at each level in the food chain. As a single tree can support many organisms, this food chain produces an unbalanced pyramid. 40 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Food chains and pyramids 41 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Anagrams 42 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Multiple-choice quiz 43 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Rotten Log Project: 44 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
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