Producer Herbivore Consumer Omnivore Consumer Food chain of

Producer Herbivore Consumer Omnivore Consumer Food chain of an Alligator Carnivore Consumer Omnivore Consumer Carnivore Consumer

CHAPTER 17 RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANISMS

CHAPTER 17 AENERGY EXCHANGE BETWEEN ORGANISMS

VOCABULARY Food Chain Passing of materials and energy from one organism to another Food Web Interrelated food chains form together Ecological Pyramids Illustrate energy relationships in a food chain Trophic Levels Layers in an ecological pyramid

Food Chain Passing of materials and energy Linear network of links from one organism to another

Food Web Interrelated food chains form together in an ecosystem

Ecological Pyramids Illustrate energy relationships in a food chain Trophic Levels Layers in an ecological pyramid (energy level)

CHAPTER 17 B & 17 CRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES Independent Organisms Exists without the aid of other members of the same species Does need other members to reproduce Examples: Plants, spiders, bears

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES Couple Relationships Animals choose a mate and rarely separate for the rest of their lives Examples: bald eagles, angelfish

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES Animal Societies Formed when a number of animals of the same species live together Sometimes as defense (more together increases a single animal’s chance of survival), to help each other (certain members have certain jobs), and more Examples: school of fish, herd of elephants, pride of lions, herd of oxen

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES Competition Within Populations Competition- struggle between organisms for essential factor that is in short supply Competing for mates, competing for food, competing for shelter….

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES Competition Between Populations Robins, blue jays, mockingbirds in same area compete for same food Small amount of food, competition is strong

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES Predator-Prey Relationships Predator- animal that feeds on other animals Prey- animal that is eaten by predator

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES Symbiosis Commensalism Relationship between 2 populations that benefits 1 and doesn’t hurt/ help the other Lion kills a zebra and they eat most of it, the vultures, hyenas, and jackals “clean up” the rest Scavengers- eat dead or decaying bodies

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES Symbiosis Mutualism Relationship between 2 populations that is beneficial to both Bumblebee gathers nectar and pollen from a flower, and the flower is pollinated by the bee